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Water Cycle
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Carbon Cycle
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Nitrogen Cycle
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Primary Succession
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Secondary Succession
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Grab Bag
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Water Cycle Carbon Cycle Nitrogen Cycle Primary Succession Secondary Succession Grab Bag $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $200 $200 $200 $200 $200 $200 $300 $300 $300 $300 $300 $300 $400 $400 $400 $400 $400 $400 $500 $500 $500 $500 $500 $500
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Water changes from a liquid to a vapor during ___
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Evaporation
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Water moves from the atmosphere to the land and oceans as __ which can be in the form of rain, snow, sleet, and hail.
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Precipitation
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About 91% of the Earth's ___ falls on the ocean.
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Precipitation
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Most of the precipitation that falls to the Earth's surface
a) falls into the oceans b) remains in ponds and lakes c) seeps into underground d) evaporates into atmosphere
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a) Falls directly into the oceans
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to the atmosphere through
Water cycles back to the atmosphere through a) runoff b) precipitation c) evaporation d) condensation
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c) Evaporation
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dioxide to the atmosphere
The return of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere is an important step in which cycle?
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Carbon
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The breakdown of dead materials into carbon dioxide and water is called__
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Decomposition
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Which of the following processes produces carbon dioxide? a) decomposition b) respiration c) combustion d) all of the above
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d) All of the above - decomposition - respiration - combustion
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nonliving environment becomes a part of living
Carbon from the nonliving environment becomes a part of living organisms through a) photosynthesis b) respiration c) transpiration d) absorption
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a) photosynthesis
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fuel, such as oil and coal
The process of burning fuel, such as oil and coal is called ___
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Combustion
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During nitrogen fixation, nitrogen gas is converted
into a form that _ can use.
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Plants
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b) eating other organisms
Most animals get the nitrogen they need by __ a) breathing b) eating other organisms c) fixing nitrogen d) drinking water
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b) Eating other organisms
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Organisms need nitrogen to ___ a) breathe.
b) break down carbon molecules. c) build proteins and DNA d) build sugars
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c) build proteins and DNA
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78% of our atmosphere but can only be used by plants when fixed by
This gas makes up 78% of our atmosphere but can only be used by plants when fixed by bacteria or lightning
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Nitrogen
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___ can change nitrogen
gas into forms that can be used by plants.
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Bacteria in the soil
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Lichens are also known as ____ species because they
are the first to live on the rock
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Pioneer
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The first step in primary succession is ___
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The exposure of bare rock from a melting glacier
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Lichens use ___ to break down rocks into soil.
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Acids
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___ eventually replace the
lichens when the soil becomes deeper.
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Mosses
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A forest may begin to develop after how long?
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Hundreds or thousands of years
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The first plant to grow is the ____
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Crabgrass
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is usually completed in less time than primary succession
Secondary succession is usually completed in less time than primary succession because ___ is already present.
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Soil
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weeds to grow the second
One of the most common weeds to grow the second year is ___
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Horseweed
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Small pine trees may start to grow after how many years?
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5 to 15 years
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Daily Double!!
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As older pine trees begin to die, they may be replaced by ____
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Hardwoods
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Anything that occupies space and has mass is called __
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Matter
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Succession takes place in all communities, not just those affected
True/False Succession takes place in all communities, not just those affected by disturbances such as forest fires.
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True
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What are the four major steps of the water cycle?
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- Transpiration - Evaporation - Condensation - Precipitation
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Describe what happens to matter in each cycle.
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Matter continues to cycle from the environment into
living things
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to affect the earth's climate.
Name two things humans are doing to affect the earth's climate.
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-Deforestation -Buring Fossil Fuels
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Double Jeopardy!!
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Water Cycle
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Carbon Cycle
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Nitrogen Cycle
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Primary Succession
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Secondary Succession
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Grab Bag
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Water Cycle Carbon Cycle Nitrogen Cycle Primary Succession Secondary Succession Grab Bag $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $200 $200 $200 $200 $200 $200 $300 $300 $300 $300 $300 $300 $400 $400 $400 $400 $400 $400 $500 $500 $500 $500 $500 $500
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Water that seeps into the ground, where it is stored in undergroud caverns or in porous rock, is called __
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Ground Water
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cools during the process of condensation, it forms
When water vapor cools during the process of condensation, it forms a liquid that can fall to the Earth as __
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Precipitation
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Your body is made of about __% water
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70%
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Where is ground water stored under the ground?
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In underground caverns
or porous rock
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Drinking after running
on a hot day replaces water lost through a) condensation b) respiration c) transpiration d) combustion
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c) transpiration
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Carbon dioxide is being released into the atmosphere
in increasing amounts which is causing __ a) temp. of land to rise b) temp. of ocean to rise c) global warming d) all of the above
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d) all of the above - temp. of land to rise - temp. of ocean to rise - global warming
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Which organisms return the highest % of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere?
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Decomposers
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Carbon stored in the bodies of dead plants and animals
is released into the atmosphere by burning __ a) coal b) oil c) natural gas d) all of the above
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d) all of the above - coal - oil - natural gas
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which carbon cycles from the environment into living things.
___ is the process by which carbon cycles from the environment into living things.
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Photosynthesis
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Carbon dioxide and water are released as byproducts.
During __, sugar molecules are broken down to release energy. Carbon dioxide and water are released as byproducts.
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Respiration
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In the nitrogen cycle, nitrogen moves back and forth between __ and living things.
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The Atmosphere
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nitrogen could not enter returned to the atmosphere.
True/False Without bacteria, nitrogen could not enter living things or be returned to the atmosphere.
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True
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When nitrogen is added to the air it can …
A. cause the ozone layer to become thin. B. create acid rain. C. cause smog to develop. D. contribute to global warming. E. all of the above.
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- cause the ozone layer to become thin. - create acid rain.
E. all of the above. - cause the ozone layer to become thin. - create acid rain. - cause smog to develop. - contribute to global warming.
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Humans affect the Nitrogen Cycle in which of the following ways?
A. Discharging sewage B. Mining C. Adding fertilizers to the soil D. All of the above
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- Adding fertilizers to the soil
D. All of the above - Discharging sewage - Mining - Adding fertilizers to the soil
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Bacteria are essential to ____ a) combustion b) photosynthesis c) nitrogen fixation d) evaporation
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c) Nitrogen Fixation
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True/False Primary succession begins with soil.
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There is no soil in the area, usually just bare rock.
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Through primary succession,
___ are slowly turned into soil.
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Rocks
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is usually replaced by __
In primary succession, the moss community is usually replaced by __
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Ferns
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ferns are usually replaced
In primary succession, ferns are usually replaced by grasses and ___
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wild-flowers
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species prepare an area for other living things.
Describe how pioneer species prepare an area for other living things.
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break rock into smaller pieces, and their decaying
Chemicals released by the prioneer species break rock into smaller pieces, and their decaying matter enriches the soil.
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True/False Secondary succession may begin from a natural disaster.
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True
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Seeds from weedy plants
that grow in the second year may get to the field by __
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or insects have carried them
Being blown by the wind, or insects have carried them
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Two examples of "hardwoods"that may replace pine trees are ___
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Maple Ash Elm Oak
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In secondary succession, years for a forest to form.
it may only take ___ years for a forest to form.
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about 100 years
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Daily Double!!
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can take place in farmer's fields
Secondary succession can take place in farmer's fields which have been __
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Abandoned
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because they breathe out __
Plants are important to humans in the carbon cycle because they breathe out __
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Oxygen
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Many species are present
in the earlier or later stages of succession?
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Later
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Does soil formation stop when trees begin to grow? Explain.
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No. Leaves, tree branches,
and dead organisms contribute to the soil when they decompose.
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Succession doesn't follow
True/False Succession doesn't follow predictable stages
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False - It does!
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Describe the main difference between primary and secondary succession.
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Primary - newly exposed community is destroyed,
surface, no soil Secondary - existing community is destroyed, soil is present
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Final Jeopardy
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things would be affected
Explain how living things would be affected if the water on our planet suddenly stopped evaporating.
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be interrupted. It would
The Earth would soon be covered with water. The water cycle would be interrupted. It would no longer rain. Land organisms would probably go extinct.
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