1. acceptable quality level (AQL) Proportion of defects
AQL or producer’s risk or assignable variation?
acceptable quality
level (AQL)
Proportion of defects
a consumer considers
acceptable.
Page 410
2nd Ed, Page 469
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2. acceptance sampling Estimating the quality of conformance of large
mean chart or acceptance sampling or SPC?
acceptance sampling
Estimating the quality
of conformance of large
batches through inspection
of smaller samples.
Page 409
2nd Ed, Page 468
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3. assignable variation Deviations with a specific cause or source.
assignable variation or SPC or LTPD?
assignable variation
Deviations with a specific
cause or source.
Page 390
2nd Ed, Page 446
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4. Average outgoing quality (AOQ)
tolerance or assignable variation or AOQ?
Average outgoing quality
(AOQ)
Estimate of the proportion
of defects that pass an
acceptance sampling plan.
Page 411
2nd Ed, Page 473
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5. c-chart Control chart used in monitoring the count of
c-chart or p-chart or R-chart?
c-chart
Control chart used in
monitoring the count of
some characteristic within
a sample.
Page 407
2nd Ed, Page 467
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6. standard normal distribution or control limit
or Central Limit Theorem?
Central Limit Theorem
The observation that sample values will approximate a normal distribution, regardless of the underlying distribution of the population being sampled.
Page 389
2nd Ed, Page 446
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7. consumer’s risk The likelihood of a type II error.
consumer’s risk or producer’s risk or
Taguchi loss function?
consumer’s risk
The likelihood of a type II
error.
Page 393
2nd Ed, Page 450
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8. control chart Graph illustrating observed
c-chart or control limit or control chart?
control chart
Graph illustrating observed
values in relationship to the
allowable limits on those
values.
Page 391
2nd Ed, Page 447
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9. control limit A control chart boundary, where values observed
c-chart or control limit or control chart?
control limit
A control chart boundary,
where values observed
beyond this limit signal the
process is not in control.
Page 392
2nd Ed, Page 447
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10. defect A single identifiable deviation from acceptable conformance.
tolerance or range or defect?
defect
A single identifiable
deviation from acceptable
conformance.
Page 388
2nd Ed, Page 444
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11. tactics or DMAIC or acceptable quality level?
Define, measure, analyze, improve, and control: emphasizes the various phases of the Six Sigma methodology.
2nd Ed, Page 456
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12. functional organizational structure
functional organizational structure or TQM or
LTPD?
functional organizational
structure
An organization of specialists grouped into distinct departments.
Page 395
2nd Ed, Page 454
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13. ISO 9000 or Six Sigma or AQL?
ISO 9000
A certification of compliance with an internationally recognized set of quality management standards.
2nd Ed, Page 456
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14. lot tolerance percent defective (LTPD) Maximum proportion of
LTPD or tolerance or assignable variation?
lot tolerance percent
defective (LTPD)
Maximum proportion of
defects that a consumer
can tolerate.
Page 411
2nd Ed, Page 471
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15. c-chart or p-chart or mean chart?
Control chart used in monitoring the central tendency of some characteristic within a
sample, also known as an x-bar chart in reference to the plotting of averages.
Page 398
2nd Ed, Page 457
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16. natural variation The randomness inherent
SPC or natural variation or OC curve?
natural variation
The randomness inherent
in a process, also known as random variation.
Page 389
2nd Ed, Page 445
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17. operating characteristic (OC) curve
SPC or acceptance sampling or OC curve?
operating characteristic
(OC) curve
A graph of the likelihood
of accepting a batch, given
an increasing proportion of
defects within that batch.
Page 409
2nd Ed, Page 469
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18. outcome bias A tendency to assume a process is acceptable if its
type II error or type I error or outcome bias?
outcome bias
A tendency to assume a
process is acceptable if its
output is acceptable.
Page 395
2nd Ed, Page 454
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19. p-chart Control chart used in monitoring the proportion
c-chart or p-chart or R-chart?
p-chart
Control chart used in
monitoring the proportion
of some characteristic
within a sample.
Page 405
2nd Ed, Page 464
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20. Poisson distribution A discrete probability
Poisson distribution or SPC or
Taguchi loss function?
Poisson distribution
A discrete probability
distribution describing the
likelihood of a particular
number of independent
events within a particular
interval.
Page 410
Not in 2nd Ed Ch 13.
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21. process capability The natural variation in
producer’s risk or process capability or
consumer’s risk?
process capability
The natural variation in
an existing process, stated
relative to the allowable
variation specified in a
product’s design.
Page 394
2nd Ed, Page 450
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22. producer’s risk The likelihood of a type I error.
consumer’s risk or producer’s risk or
Taguchi loss function?
producer’s risk
The likelihood of a type I
error.
Page 393
2nd Ed, Page 450
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23. quality of conformance
quality of conformance or producer’s risk or
outcome bias?
quality of conformance
The degree to which the
output of an operation
meets the producer’s
expectations.
Page 388
2nd Ed, Page 444
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24. R-chart Control chart used in monitoring the range of
c-chart or p-chart or R-chart?
R-chart
Control chart used in
monitoring the range of
some characteristic within
a sample.
Page 402
2nd Ed, Page 461
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25. range The difference between the largest observed value of
mean chart or type I error or range?
range
The difference between the
largest observed value of
some characteristic within
a sample and the smallest
observed value of that
same characteristic.
Page 401
2nd Ed, Page 461
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26. sampling plan Defined procedure for conducting acceptance
natural variation or sampling plan or SPC?
sampling plan
Defined procedure for
conducting acceptance
sampling, including the
criteria that determines
rejection of the batch being
sampled.
Page 409
2nd Ed, Page 468
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27. scientific management
AQL or scientific management or TQM?
scientific management
A methodology stressing
the use of data collection
and analysis to redesign
processes and improve
efficiency.
Page 395
2nd Ed, Page 453
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28. TQM or AQL or Six Sigma?
Six Sigma
A quality management program emphasizing the application of analytical tools and widespread involvement of employees across the organization.
2nd Ed, Page 456
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29. standard normal distribution
standard normal distribution or control limit
or Central Limit Theorem?
standard normal distribution
A normal distribution with a mean of 0 and a variance of 1. Any other normal distribution can be converted to this
standard, allowing the use of standard normal tables to analyze the original distributions.
Page 400
2nd Ed, Page 460
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30. statistical process control (SPC) The monitoring of overall
SPC or AQL or TQM?
statistical process
control (SPC)
The monitoring of overall
conformance through the
ongoing evaluation of
samples.
Page 390
2nd Ed, Page 447
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31. tactics Means to pursue strategic goals with available resources.
DMAIC or tactics or mean chart?
tactics
Means to pursue strategic goals with available resources.
2nd Ed, Page 455
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32. Taguchi loss function A proposed model of the cost of nonconformance
SPC or Taguchi loss function or
control chart?
Taguchi loss function
A proposed model of the
cost of nonconformance
that penalizes even small
degrees of deviation from a
target specification.
Page 397
2nd Ed, Page 456
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33. tolerance Allowable variation from a standard.
SPC or assignable variation or tolerance?
tolerance
Allowable variation from a
standard.
Page 397
2nd Ed, Page 456
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34. total quality management (TQM)
TQM or AQL or SPC?
total quality management
(TQM)
Simultaneous and continuous pursuit of improvement in both
the quality of design and conformance through the involvement of the entire organization.
Page 396
2nd Ed, Page 455
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35. type I error or type II error or defect?
In quality control, concluding the process is out of control when in fact it is not.
Page 393
2nd Ed, Page 448
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36. type I error or type II error or control limit?
In quality control, concluding the process is in control when in fact it is not.
Page 393
2nd Ed, Page 450
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