1. Basic beliefs and practices
Islam
Basic beliefs and practices
The Crescent Moon, a waxing, growing moon, represents paradise in the Islamic faith.

2. Setting Began in modern country of Saudi Arabia Founder: Muhammad
Holy city: Mecca
Muhammad meditated in a cave & heard God’s message. Mohammad begins to preach this message and is persecuted as a threat to those in power/the polytheistic leaders of Mecca. He flees to Medina for safety. This journey in 622 is the hijrah; marks the start of their religious calendar.
Ten years later he has enough followers to return to and conquer Mecca
Islam = religion
Muslim = person who practices Islam.

3. Beliefs Monotheistic – Belief in only one God (Allah) Ten Commandments
Prophets Abraham, Noah, Jacob, Moses and Jesus (Old and New Testament) +
Mohammed is the last prophet (person who received God’s message)

4. Lineage of monotheistic religions

5. Beliefs (con’t) Equality of all believers in God’s eyes
Everyone is responsible for his/her actions
Judgment Day: Paradise or Hell
Men must care for women (patriarchal)

6. Practices:. (Things that people do consistently based on their beliefs

7. The Five Pillars of Islam
Parents were not poor, born into a prominent clan of Quraysh tribe in a Bedouin encampment where he spent the first 6 years of his life
Father died before he was born and mother died shortly after his birth, adopted by his uncle.

8. Five Pillars of Faith 1 God and no other gods
0ne month of fasting during daylight hours of the holy month of Ramadan, & read 1/30th of the Qur’an each day.
5x day pray facing the Ka’aba in Mecca
1 hajj or pilgrimage to Mecca in your lifetime if you can afford it and are healthy enough to make the journey.
2% of your wealth donated to charity

9. Ka’aba
(“Cube”) It is an ancient stone structure built by prophets as a house of monotheistic worship. It is located in the Mosque at Mecca. Holiest site for Muslims because God performed a miracle that saved Ishmael here. It is the primary destination of their hajj or pilgrimage.

10. House of worship: mosque Each mosque had a minaret or prayer tower.
A muezzin sounds the call to prayer from the tower, five times a day.
A An Imam leads the prayer service.
Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem Drawing of a typical inside of a mosque

11. Holy Text: Qur’an/Koran is written in Arabic.
All Muslims learn to read and write Arabic.
Sharia – Book of Islamic law
Hadith – Traditional practices of Muhammad; followed today

12. Practices (con’t) Dress code:
Men must wear a kufi (skull cap), loose clothing and a beard.

13. Women must wear a hijab (head scarf) and loose fitting clothing.
Burqa/burka: veiled body covering; a Persian custom not Islam.

14. Restrictions Diet: No pork & no alcohol & no smoking No Gambling
Polygamy: Practice of having many wives. Muhammad limited the number to 4 wives and all must be treated equally.
No artwork of living things!

15. Art Arabesque – floral and vine like patterns.
Tessellations – repeating geometric patterns
Calligraphy – decorative form of writing

16. Calligraphy

17. Sects of Islam (Split over who should be caliph)
Sunni Shi’a Sufi
85% 15% <1%
A caliph is a spiritual leader claiming to succession from Muhammad.
Extremists interpret jihad (service to God) as a reason to wage a “holy war” of violence against non-Muslims.

18. WORLD RELIGIONS

19. Insert the beliefs & practices of Judaism, Christianity & Islam

20. Insert the beliefs & practices of Judaism, Christianity & Islam
Abraham is founder
Torah & Talmud
Saturday /Synagogue
Rabbi Hebrew Bris
Kosher Foods
Rosh Hashanah & Passover
Judaism
Persecuted by the Romans
No pork
Dress Code
No Messiah
Religious laws based on holy book
Christianity
Islam
Jesus is founder
Bible
Sunday / Church
Priest Latin
Jesus is Messiah
Lent & no meat on Fridays
Sacraments & works of mercy
Salvation for the weak, poor,
the mistreated.
Christmas & Easter
Monotheism
10 Commandments
5 Books of Moses
Same prophets
Jerusalem is holy
Charity
God’s forgiveness
Heaven
Muhammad is founder
Quran, Sharia (law) & Hadith
Friday / Mosque
Imam – caliph Arabic
Ramadan Pillars
Mecca Hijab
Fasting
Hell
Turn the other cheek