1. CBP Large Scale NII 25 APRIL 2017

2. Port of Entry Environments
INTERNAL CONSPIRACIES
Threat in all cargo environments,
Smugglers use legitimate shipments, can’t target via manifest
Check for manipulation upon conveyance arrival
CONSIGNEE LOAD
Threat in all cargo environments
Targeting via manifested information used to interdict contraband
Passenger
Air Cargo
Express Consignment
US Mail
Port of Entry Environments
& Types of Smuggling
AIR
LAND
RAIL
SEA
Cargo
Cruise Passenger
Cargo
Vehicle Passenger
Small Boat
Ferry Cargo and Passenger
Pedestrian
Ferry Cargo and Passenger
INTERNAL CONSPIRACIES
Most prevalent at:
Air passenger and cargo (low wage employees)
Seaports cargo and passenger (union workers)
Rail cargo (ease of access)
CONSIGNEE LOAD
Land and rail passenger and cargo environment (Along SW Border) currently hot spot
Cargo
Passenger

3. NII Concept of Operations
U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) utilizes a “layered enforcement strategy” to fulfill its mission of preventing terrorists, terrorist weapons, and contraband from entering the United States.
NII technologies are viewed as force multipliers that enable CBP to scan or examine a larger portion of the stream of traffic for contraband while facilitating the flow of legitimate trade, cargo and passengers.

4. NII Division
Large Scale NII
Small Scale NII
RDE
Strategic Management

5. Transmission or Backscatter
Transmission X-Ray systems are designed to pass through an object and strike a detector on the opposite side of the object. High density items tend to image well. However, lower density items may appear very faint.
Transmission and backscatter imaging are fundamentally different from one another but both are highly effective detection technologies in the right situation.
In many situations where the object being scanned is complex (high/low density, thick/thin, varying composition) and the need for greater scrutiny of the object is required, utilizing systems with both transmission and backscatter images provides the greatest amount of information.

6. Rail Seizure Image Stowaways discovered in a hopper car
Number Deployed: 10 systems deployed
Other Points:
Order placed in February for 16 additional units
Can operate on almost any flat surface on its own power.
Can be brought into service about 20 minutes after arrival.
Stowaways discovered in a hopper car

7. Z-Backscatter Van Image
Marijuana in Tanker Truck

8. Types of Large Scale NII Systems
CBP has Large-scale NII systems deployed in the passenger and cargo environments.
CBP has deployed both mobile and fixed-site NII systems.
X-ray imaging systems include high-energy systems and low energy systems, including systems with Backscatter capability.
Each system possesses unique performance characteristics that provide CBP with an enhanced capability to image both laden cargo conveyances and passenger vehicles for the presence of contraband. CBP makes every attempt to deploy the right system for the job.

9. VACIS IPL6500 Schedule Location Capability Gap Capabilities
January 2018
Location
Laredo World Trade Bridge
Capability Gap
Current cargo scanning on border limited to stationary scanning of trucks
Throughput limited to approximately 7 trucks/hour
Limited throughput results in limited scanning capacity across South West Border
Capabilities
Provides for scanning of Cab while occupied by driver for drive through capability
Truck cab is scanned at low energy while the truck is scanned at high energy
150 trucks per hour capability
Contains radiation detection capabilities

10. Z-Sentry Portal Schedule Location Capability Gap Capabilities May 2018
Laredo World Trade Bridge
Capability Gap
Current cargo scanning on border limited to stationary scanning of trucks
Throughput limited to approximately 7 trucks/hour
Limited throughput results in limited scanning capacity across South West Border
Current Material Discrimination against low density materials limited
Capabilities
Combination Backscatter and Transmission capability increases material discrimination
Provides for scanning of Cab while occupied by driver for drive through capability
150 trucks per hour capability

11. GANTRY SYSTEMS
Varian IntellX High-Energy Gantry X-ray System
Smiths (HCVG) High-Energy Gantry X-ray System
Gantry systems provide high penetration with clear images
Initial cost and maintenance costs are high
Throughput is low as compared to drive through systems
The Laredo pilot and NAVSEA testing will provide the information necessary to determine if future GANTRY systems are needed.

12. Medium Energy Mobiles MEM’s are only necessary if mobility is required
VACIS® XML (M6500) Medium-Energy Mobile X-Ray System
AS&E MSX Medium-Energy Mobile X-Ray System
MEM’s are only necessary if mobility is required
Smiths (HCVM e35) Medium-Energy Mobile X-Ray System
Rapiscan M25 Medium-Energy Mobile X-Ray System

13. TX View-ZBV option Schedule Location Capabilities Capability Gap TBD
The ZBV with the TX view will provide a backscatter and transmission image.
This system will be excellent for outbound operations because it will provide a backscatter and transmission image of the passenger vehicle.
NII HQ is working with the CBP Radiation Safety Officer (RSO) to allow for the ZBV TX View stationary scanning.
Capability Gap
The ZBV would only provide a backscatter image.
Backscatter images do not show weapons as well as a transmission image.

14. Mobile XPL Schedule Location Capability Gap Capabilities
Schedule May – June 2017
Location
TBD
Capability Gap
Current POV scanning coverage limited to very few ports
No capability for outbound scanning
No mobile scanning to support National Security Events and Border Patrol Checkpoints
Current capability footprint too large for some ports
Capabilities
Driver and vehicle stay in the vehicle during scan for a high throughput rate.
POV scanning for ports with limited foot print
Transmission capability
Mobile capability to support outbound and surge operations
License Plate Reader integrated

15. Common Viewer Schedule Capability Gap Capabilities
Baseline Demonstration:
Initial Demonstration of capability in maritime POE’s
Savannah, GA
Norfolk, VA
POE Surveys are being expanded to include a land border crossing
Port of Laredo
Capability Gap
CBP has deployed 316 non-intrusive inspection (NII) large-scale (LS) X-ray / gamma imaging devices procured by multiple vendors throughout the nation.
Systems are commercial off-the-shelf / stand alone
Image viewers differ between each vendor
Graphical user interfaces (GUI) differ
Proprietary formats/software that do not network with each other
Image manipulation capabilities differ
Data storage capabilities, data formats and different means to transfer data
Training difficulties have arisen because of the multitude of systems
Capabilities
Demonstrate standalone, secure capability to transfer data (images, other data) from Large scale NII systems to a Common Viewer workstation(s).
Capture data from different vendors/types of image formats and process into a standard file and graphical user interface to streamline training and operations.
Allows for scalable architecture to include integration of other NII and Radiation Detection Equipment (RDE).
Image Data Set (IDS) and/or other data files imported will be stored and catalogued on a standalone server.

17. LS NII TESTING Schedule Location Capabilities Capability Gap
Scheduled to commence in late may 2017
Location
The testing will be conducted throughout the Laredo Field office with base operations at the Port of Los Indios.
Capabilities
COMPARATIVE TESTING (NAVSEA)
Determine the capabilities, suitability, effectiveness, and characteristics of LS-NII systems. Results can be used as a weight when deciding new equipment to purchase.
Determine the level of effectiveness for each system for use in detecting contraband hidden within various types of cargo under various scan conditions.
DEGRADATION TESTING
Testing can conducted annually to determine the image degradation of an NII system.
COMMODITY/IMAGE ENHANCEMENT CONTROLS
Capability Gap
Without comparative testing CBP does not have the ability to identify vulnerabilities of the system.
Degradation testing will ensure vendors keep the scanned image to requirements

18. Questions?