1. 9E Reactions of metals and metal compounds
Useful metals
Metals and metal compounds
Salts

2. 9E Reactions of metals and metal compounds
Useful metals

3. Complete the table. Answer ‘yes’ or ‘no’.
9E Properties of metals
We use metals for bridges and cars, for jewellery, and even inside our bodies. What’s so special about metals?
Complete the table. Answer ‘yes’ or ‘no’.
property
typical of metals?
good conductor of heat
poor conductor of electricity
shiny surface
can be beaten into flat sheets
does not react with oxygen
gas at room temperature
yes no
yes
yes no no
Give three more properties of metals.

4. Match up the properties with the way we use each metal.
9E Which metal?
There are lots of metals, all slightly different. How do we choose which metal to use for which job?
Match up the properties with the way we use each metal.
use 1 titanium for artificial hip joints
2 copper in electrical circuits
3 gold for jewellery
4 lead for weights
property of metal C very light and strong, and unreactive
D cheap and a good conductor of electricity
B shiny and unreactive, so it does not tarnish
A has a high density
property of metal A has a high density
B shiny and unreactive, so it does not tarnish
C very light and strong, and unreactive
D cheap and a good conductor of electricity

5. There is something odd about these substances. What is it?
9E Odd ones out
Read all about it!
There is something odd about these substances. What is it?
Mercury: a liquid metal that conducts heat and electricity well. It is very dense and was used during the Spanish Inquisition to kill people. Victims were forced to swallow mercury which is very poisonous.
Graphite: a black powder that conducts electricity. It feels quite slippery and is used in pencils. A stick of graphite leaves a smear on a rough surface like paper as it passes over it. But is it a metal?

6. Metals and metal compounds
9E Reactions of metals and metal compounds
Metals and metal compounds

7. Many metals react with acids to produce a gas. But which gas is it?
9E I’ll name that gas in...
Many metals react with acids to produce a gas. But which gas is it?
And the gas is... Hydrogen!
CLUE 3 The gas is not oxygen.
CLUE 1 Think about the formulae for acids: sulphuric acid H2SO4, hydrochloric acid HCl, nitric acid HNO3.
CLUE 2 The gas burns with a popping sound.

8. How do metals react with acids? Complete this equation.
9E Metals and acids
How do metals react with acids? Complete this equation.
metal + hydrochloric acid ? +
Write a word equation for each metal with hydrochloric acid:
calcium
magnesium
zinc
iron
lead
copper
silver
What evidence would tell you this reaction has occurred?

9. Metals react with acids to produce a salt and hydrogen.
9E More metals, more acids
Metals react with acids to produce a salt and hydrogen.
Which salts would be made here?
metal
salt produced in hydrochloric acid
salt produced in sulphuric acid
magnesium
zinc
iron
magnesium chloride
magnesium sulphate
zinc chloride
zinc sulphate
iron chloride
iron sulphate
Write a word equation for the reaction of magnesium with nitric acid.

10. In any chemical reaction the atoms are rearranged.
9E What happens to the atoms?
In any chemical reaction the atoms are rearranged.
Metals react with acids like this.
zinc hydrochloric acid
Zn HCl +
zinc sulphuric acid
Zn H2SO4 +
zinc sulphate hydrogen
ZnSO H2 +
zinc chloride hydrogen
ZnCl H2 +
Hydrogen bubbles appear because hydrogen atoms leave the acid and pair up to form hydrogen molecules.

11. And the gas is... Carbon dioxide! CLUE 3 The gas is not hydrogen.
9E I’ll name that gas in...
Metal carbonates react with acids to produce a gas. But which gas is it?
And the gas is... Carbon dioxide!
CLUE 3 The gas is not hydrogen.
CLUE 1 The formulae for carbonates: sodium carbonate Na2CO3, copper carbonate CuCO3, zinc carbonate ZnCO3.
CLUE 2 The gas puts out a burning spill.

12. What will happen to the limewater?
9E Acids and metal carbonates
There’s another way of proving that the gas given off is carbon dioxide.
What will happen to the limewater?

13. Metal carbonates react with acids.
9E Acids and metal carbonates
Metal carbonates react with acids.
metal carbonate + acid salt + water + carbon dioxide
This reaction has helped to shape our landscape. It has formed huge caves out of solid rock, with stalactites and stalagmites.
Calcium carbonate (limestone) is insoluble. When it reacts with acidic rainwater, a soluble salt is formed. The rock wears away.
Write a word equation for the reaction of calcium carbonate with nitric acid.

14. When a metal carbonate reacts with an acid, the atoms are rearranged.
9E What happens to the atoms?
When a metal carbonate reacts with an acid, the atoms are rearranged.
sodium carbonate
nitric acid +
Na2CO3
2HNO3
sodium nitrate
carbon dioxide +
water
2NaNO3
CO2
H2O
magnesium carbonate +
sulphuric acid
MgCO3
H2SO4
magnesium sulphate +
MgSO4
CO2
H2O
carbon dioxide
water
Where did the carbon dioxide molecules come from? How was the water formed?

15. 9E What, no gas?
The reaction between a metal oxide and an acid does not produce a gas. What does it produce?
And the answer is… When sulphuric acid reacts with iron oxide it produces iron sulphate and water.
CLUE 3 There is no clue 3!
CLUE 1 The formula for iron oxide is FeO, and the formula for sulphuric acid is H2SO4.
CLUE 2 The salt formed when they react is iron sulphate, formula FeSO4. What else is left over?

16. How does copper oxide react with sulphuric acid?
9E Acids and metal oxides
How does copper oxide react with sulphuric acid?
copper oxide + sulphuric acid copper sulphate + water

17. When a metal oxide reacts with an acid, the atoms are rearranged.
9E What happens to the atoms?
When a metal oxide reacts with an acid, the atoms are rearranged.
copper oxide + sulphuric acid
CuO H2SO4 +
copper sulphate water
CuSO H2O +
magnesium oxide
hydrochloric acid
MgO
2HCl +
water
H2O +
MgCl2
magnesium chloride
How was the water formed?
Write a general word equation for this reaction.

18. 9E Reactions of metals and metal compounds
Salts

19. What does the word salt mean to you?
9E Salt with everything?
What does the word salt mean to you?
Chemists use the word salt to mean...
a compound that is made when a metal replaces the hydrogen in an acid.
Which acid would you use to make these salts?
metal +
acid
salt
potassium
potassium chloride
sodium
sodium sulphate
calcium
calcium nitrate
hydrochloric acid
sulphuric acid
nitric acid

20. 9E Yet more salts!
Lots of different reactions make salts. Here are three examples to complete.
metal + acid
salt + ?
metal oxide + acid
salt + ?
metal carbonate + acid
salt + ? +

21. Name as many salts as you can remember (or make up!) in two minutes.
9E Name that salt
Salts are very useful chemicals. We use them to flavour our foods, fertilise our crops, and even as antiseptics.
Remember that a salt is an acid with its hydrogen replaced by a metal. How many salts can you name?
Name as many salts as you can remember (or make up!) in two minutes.

22. These are just some of the salts you might have named...
9E How many did you get?
These are just some of the salts you might have named...
the chlorides (potassium chloride, sodium chloride…)
the nitrates (lead nitrate, zinc nitrate…)
the sulphates (magnesium sulphate, calcium sulphate…)
Check your score!
under 5
don’t give up the day job!
5–10
not bad
11–15
good
16–20
very good
20+
wow! you’re super salty!

23. Which formula belongs with which salt?
9E Names and formulae
Which formula belongs with which salt?
CuCl2 AlCl3 KNO3
NaCl ZnSO4
potassium chloride
aluminium chloride
zinc sulphate
copper chloride
sodium chloride
NaCl
KNO3
AlCl3
ZnSO4
CuCl2

24. 1. Which of these are all metals? a) graphite, copper and lead
9E Quiz
1. Which of these are all metals?
a) graphite, copper and lead
b) magnesium, calcium and marble
c) copper, magnesium and iron.
2. Which gas is given off when a metal carbonate reacts with an acid?
a) carbon dioxide
b) hydrogen
c) none.

25. 3. Which gas is given off when a metal oxide reacts with an acid?
9E Quiz
3. Which gas is given off when a metal oxide reacts with an acid?
a) carbon dioxide
b) hydrogen
c) none.
4. Which gas is given off when a metal reacts with an acid?
a) carbon dioxide
b) hydrogen
c) none.