1. Cassava Breeding Community of Practice in Africa for Accelerated Production and Dissemination of Farmer-Preferred Cassava Varieties Resistant to Pests and Diseases
ARI

2. Cassava Cassava is a strategic food security crop
Important staple for millions in Africa
Grown mainly by the poor resource famers
Nigeria, Ghana, Tanzania and Uganda are key producers in Africa

3. Bottlenecks of Cassava Breeding
Low seed set
Long breeding cycle
High genetic load
Heterozygosity
Confounding effects of dominance on selection of progenitors
Limited financial resources

4. Rationale
There is an urgent need for improved varieties to stop the rapid spread of pest and diseases, especially the cassava brown streak disease (CBSD) and the cassava mosaic disease (CMD).
National Agricultural Research Systems (NARs) are best suited to breed cassava for local needs
NARs in the past limited their activities mainly to testing and selection of improved germplasm, but more recently NARs breeders have began formal cassava breeding.

5. Capacity components required for plant breeding programs
Component make-up or sub-component
Tangible capital
Physical facilities
Funding for capitol and ongoing operations
Plant genetic resources
Supporting technology,
Scientific information and know-how
Human capital
Breeders, assistant breeders, technical assistants, etc.
-their education, training, knowledge, skills, motivation
Scientists from supporting disciplines
Program budget, administration and personnel managers
Organizational capital
Government and stakeholder mandate
Coordination of plant breeding and seed sector activities
Enabling policy, laws and regulations
Policy making procedures
Funding arrangements and management procedures
Links to internal and external organizations
Public and private seed delivery systems
Social capital
Political, governmental and economic support
Extended education and outreach
Bi-directional communication between provider and customers
Fred Bliss 2010

6. The CoP Ghana Nigeria Tanzania Uganda CIAT IITA
More countries to be included in 2011

7. A group of people who share a concern or passion for something they do and how to do it better as they interact regularly.
They have a commitment to a common interest and engage in joint activities They therefore interact and learn together and in the process build a strong relationship.
It is a specialized compact network. It is intended as interactive forums for collaboration among scientists from different countries.

8. Cassava Mosiac disease
Cassava Brown Streak Disease
Leaves: chlorosis
– bottom leaves
Roots: dry necrotic rot – most damaging
Stems: brown streaks

9. Objectives
Stimulate breeder-to-breeder training germplasm resource exchange, and web-based information to achieve breeding goals
Facilitate the integration of MAS with field-based breeding
Strengthen the capacity of National program breeders through training programs
Build linkages with primary, secondary, and tertiary users

10. Priority Initiatives Access to improved germplasm and development
MAS for CMD resistance
Improvement for combined resistance to CMD and CBSD
Gene discovery for CBSD and CMD

11. Screening for CMD2 in African elite lines
Markers
TMS97/2205
TMS30555
NR8212
NR8083
TMS98/0505
RME-1 - +
RME-4
NS158
NS169 1
TMS97/2205 2
NR8212 3
NR8083 4
TMS98/0505 5
TMS30555

12. Marker-aided germplasm transfer from CIAT to Africa
Over 300 CIAT MAS developed genotypes introduced to Africa
Back cross populations of PPD delivered to African NARs (with MAS for CMD)
Backcross populations of beta carotene and protein to NARs (with MAS for CMD)
F1 populations of drought tolerant materials (as in vitro and seeds)

13. Germplasm Introduction
Shipment
Genotypes
Families
Total individuals
Field)
Drought mapping populations
332 4
1628 70
Drought 84 12
420
116
Protein 34 5
350
239
Delayed PPD
483 17
2334

14. Novel traits introgressed from wild relatives
Based on ABC involving MAS for CMD resistance

16. BSA scheme for gene discovery for CMD
Family
Markers
Mean (CMD scores)
T-test (P level)
Band presence
Band absence
COB6
NS198
1.591
2.611
0.015**

17. TMS 97/2205 with good
CMD resistance across agro-ecologies
TMS97/2205 x NR 8083

18. Response profile of CMD2 genotypes

19. MAS Scheme to Improve Cassava Germplasm Farmer participatory trial
Local varieties
(selected by farmers)
Improved
introductions
Crossing block
Polycross design
(MAS)
Seedling trial
Field trials
Combining
ability studies
Farmer participatory trial

20. CBSD x CMD crosses (Tanzania)

21. Pre-selected CBSD and CMD resistant lines in Tanzania

22. QTL mapping A total of 10 putative QTL were identified for protein.
QTL found accounted for PVD ranges between 15% and 25% for protein content.
All the QTL showed additive gene action with values ranging between 3.21 and 6.20 (Fig. 15).

25. Diversity
Esuma, 2011

26. Analysis based on 48 SNPs
Melissa - FABI

27. Development of populations
Crosses
F1 populations of elite genotypes
Introgression of introduced germplasm into local adapted varieties and landraces
Selfed populations – inbreeding (partial inbred lines).

28. Homozogygosity at CMD Loci
MAS-based activities for CMD resistance breeding
Homozogygosity at CMD Loci
Pyramiding of CMD2 and CMD3 genes
Parents
CR52A-25 x 98/0002
CR x 97/2205
CR12-45 x 97/2205
AR15-5 x 97 x 2205
97/2205 x 52A-25
Parents (crosses)
CR52A-25 x TMS 98/0002
CR x TMS 97/2205
CR12-45 x TMS 97/2205
AR15-5 x TMS
97/2205 x CR52A-25
Code
Female
Male
GC015
98/0505
CR52A-25
GC0122
AR 9-36
CR 51-4
GC0142
CR 41-45
AR 9-39
GC0149
AR 9-63
GC0151
CR 51 -9
AR 9-3
GC0152
CR 54-9
GC0166
CW 451
TMS 98/0505

29. Breeder to breeder visit
Elizabeth Parkes in Nigeria; taking notes on field layout/design for crossing blocks
Tanzanian Breeder, Bernadetha Kimata discussing CBSD symptom expression in the field at NaCRRI, Namulonge, Uganda.
Ugandan Breeder, Anthony Pariyo in Office at A.R.I, Naliendeli, Mtwara discussing the breeding schemes with the Tanzanian team

30. Product delivery Markers for CMD2 available in NARS
Ghana
Markers for CMD2 available in NARS
Advanced populations development
Capacity building in MAB (workshop/training)
Sharing of GCP project developed elite materials with stake holders (e.g. Songhai center, Benin Republic)
Channels
Farmer participatory breeding
Linked projects
Multi-locational testing with partner institutes
Networks
Tanzania

31. Variety release:MAS develop Latin American genotype

32. Web based data base for CoP
Molecular breeding community of practice to validate, refine, and
apply new technologies in African NARs

33. Workshops and Training
Third workshop in Ghana 2010
Participants at the third CoP workshop 2010 in Ghana.
Linking with New Genotyping Platforms and Marker system : Demonstration of the Illumina BeadXpress at the SNP workshop

34. MAS Labs in NARS
Ghana -
Uganda
Nigeria

35. New generation of cassava breeders
Country - Uganda Nigeria Ghana Ghana Ghana Tanzania
Name Mr. Esuma Dr. Olasanmi Mr. Peprah Ms. Prempeh Mr. Danquah Ms. Kimata
Degree M.Sc Ph.D M. Phil Ph.D Ph.D M.Sc.
Status On-going Completed On-going On-going On-going Ongoing

36. Cassava CI Project 5: Cassava Breeding Community of Practice (CoP)

37. Partial Inbred line development
Genotyping of S1 populations- 2011
Five populations
Selection for reduced heterozygousity
Development of new selfed populations
S2 populations
S3 populations (two populations)

38. Gene pool development

39. Inbred line development (six families)

41. selection index for 2009 – 2011 for Latin America germplasm
Local check
Potentials

42. Conclusion
Research capability of NARs strengthened research capability in modern breeding incorporating markers in cassava improvement
CMD resistant variety released in Nigeria
Genotypes combining CBSD and CMD resistance developed in Tanzania
Web-database created
Genetic stock fixed for CMD2 and CGM alleles developed
Genetic diversity of breeding lines analyzed
Genetic mapping for early bulking and high protein conducted
Breeding populations for key traits developed
Introgression of novel traits into CMD resistance genetic background achieved.
Training of new generation of breeders accomplished
Introduction of valuable germplasm into Africa

43. Acknowledgement Y. Baguma A. Pariyo B. Kimata C. Sichalwe C. Egesi
E. Parkes
B. Peprah
G. Mkamilo
J. Onyeka
M. Fregene
S. Rounsley
E. Lotsu
M.D. Quain
P. Rabinowicz
Z. Myburg
P. Kulakow
H. Murtah
X. Delannay
Ndeye Ndack Diop
K. Ogundapo
F. Ewa
B. Olasanmi
E. Okogbenin
H. Gomez
C. de Vicente
M. Gedil
A. Dixon
H. Kulembeka
A. Mbanaso
R. Thompson
P. Boateng
O. Akinbo
M. Reynolds
A. Okono
N.C. Ezebuiro
Larry Butler

44. Thank You for Your Attention