1. U.S foreign policymakers include…….

2. The President..

3. Chief diplomat
Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces
Appointing ambassadors*
Appointing Cabinet heads*
Appointing other executive officials*
Making executive agreements
Negotiating treaties*

4. Treaties
Appointments
The Senate to approve…

5. The House and Senate together possess the power to declare war.

6. War Powers Act
Vietnam War started without a formal declaration of war. President continued to send in troops.
Lots and lots of issue and protest.
So now President can send in troops for an issue that require urgent action but has to tell Congress within 48 hours.
Then Congress has to vote to approve or disapprove the action within 60 to 90 days—meaning declare war!

7. Members of Congress with the most influence include….
Leaders of President’s Party
Chairs of key Committees:
Foreign Affairs
Armed Services
Intelligence

8. National Security Establishment
Secretary of Defense and the Pentagon
Joint Chiefs of Staff
National Security Council
Central Intelligence Agency

9. The Department of State is under the direction of the Secretary of State.

10. “Foggy bottom” employs 27,700 and staffs U. S
“Foggy bottom” employs 27,700 and staffs U.S. consulates and embassies in 300 overseas posts.
State

11. Defense is under the direction of Secretary of Defense Ash Carter

12. Department of Defense Headquartered at the Pentagon

13. Joint Chiefs of Staff headed by Chairperson Joseph Dunfield USMC
Chairman
Chairman

14. Representing:
Army, Air Force, Navy

15. National Security Council Older version
Secretary of Defense Robert Gates
NSA James L. Jones
Secretary of State Clinton
Secretary of Treasury Timothy Geithner
Chairr, Joint Chiefs Adm. Michael Mullen
Vice-President

16. The CIA (“the Company” plays a role.
Director :
John Brennan

17. CIA Headquarters, Langley Virginia

18. “Players” include… Think tanks Interest Groups Public opinion
Institute of Policy Studies (liberal)
Brooking Council on Foreign Policy (Centrist)
Heritage Foundation, CATO Institute (Conservative)
Interest Groups
Public opinion

19. “Players” generally exclude the judicial branch.

20. Players generally exclude the public: