1. Perspective
Linear Perspective: creating the illusion of 3-dimensional space on a
2-dimensional surface. A horizon line, vanishing point and perspective lines are used.
In this class we will be learning how to draw in :
1 Point Perspective
and
2Point Perspective

2. During the Renaissance ( ), artists became interested in making two-dimensional artworks look three-dimensional. They used mathematics and close observation to invent “linear perspective.” The system of linear perspective gave artists a powerful new tool for creating realistic art.
School of Athens Raphael (1518)

3. The Last Supper, Da Vinci, 1495-1498

4. Atmospheric Perspective
creating the illusion of depth of space :
- by fading colors
and
- eliminating details in objects that are
farther away.
The Mona Lisa
Da Vinci

5. One-point perspective (1 vanishing point)
Two-point perspective (2 vanishing points)
In one-point perspective, the forms are seen face on and are drawn to a single vanishing point.
The first thing drawn in 1 point perspective is a shape
Details on only one side go back to the vanishing point
Objects seen at an angle would be drawn with two-point perspective using two vanishing points.
The first thing drawn in 2 point perspective is a line
Details on ALL sides go back to the vanishing points

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Linear perspective a technique for representing three-dimensional space on a flat surface. Linear perspective is based on the way the human eye sees the world. To create this illusion of space, the artist establishes a vanishing point on the horizon line. Objects are drawn using orthogonal lines which lead to the vanishing point(s).
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7. Draw a horizontal line one or two inches down from top of the page
Draw a horizontal line one or two inches down from top of the page. This is your horizon line

8. Draw a dot in the middle of your horizon line
Draw a dot in the middle of your horizon line. This is your vanishing point

9. Now draw a square or rectangle in the right or left bottom area of your page.

10. Now connect three corners of your rectangle or square to the vanishing point. These are orthogonal lines.

11. Draw a horizontal line between the top two orthogonals where you want your form to end.

12. Draw a vertical line down from the horizontal line to complete the side.

13. Now you have a 3-D form in one-point perspective in a bird’s eye view!
Erase the remaining orthogonal lines.
Now you have a 3-D form in one-point perspective in a bird’s eye view!

14. 1-point perspective
worm’s eye view
eye level view
bird’s eye view

19. Draw a horizontal line one or two inches down from top of the page
Draw a horizontal line one or two inches down from top of the page. This is your horizon line.

20. 2-point perspective
Draw two dots on your horizon line near the edges of the paper. These are your vanishing points

21. Draw a vertical line that is the "front edge" of your form.

22. Connect the two ends of your "front edge" line to each vanishing point
Connect the two ends of your "front edge" line to each vanishing point. These are called orthogonal lines.

23. Draw two vertical lines between the orthogonals where you want the back edges of your form.

24. Now join the back, top corners to the opposite vanishing point to complete the top of the form.
Draw lightly so you can erase!

25. Erase the extra orthogonals
Erase the extra orthogonals. Now you have a form drawn in two-point perspective!

26. 2-point perspective
worm’s eye view
eye level view
bird’s eye view