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Why is this disease important nutritionally?
Characterized by high blood sugar level due to defect in insulin Therefore the need to control glucose intake If untreated, it will lead to hyperglycemia and nerve damages There is also a need to treat co-morbidities that occur along with diabetes such as Blindness Kidney failure Nerve damage Atherosclerosis Diet History Usual meal pattern Snack consumptions Any previous diet restriction
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How is this dealt with nutritionally?
Diet Physical activity Insulin Medications
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Meal planning along with nutrition education
Type 1 diabetic diet Meal planning along with nutrition education Work with a registered dietitian to decide how to balance the diet with carbohydrates, proteins and fat. Plate Method- manage portion size and eating balanced meals Carbohydrate counting- used to keep track of carbohydrate intake Meal planning
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Plate Method
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Meal Planning
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Type 1 diabetic diet (cont.)
Carbohydrates should provide 45-65% of daily calories (amount of carbohydrate is more important than type) Fat should provide 25-35% of daily calories (increase amount of mono and polyunsaturated) Protein should provide 12-20% of daily calories (patient with kidney disease should limit intake to less than 10%)
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Recommendations Grains/beans/starchy vegetables (6 or more servings/day) Vegetables (3-5 servings/day) Fruits (2-4 servings/day) Milk (2-3 servings/day) Meat and fish (2-3 servings/day) Fats, alcohol, and sweets
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Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes
Immediate goals: Treat diabetic ketoacidosis High blood glucose level Reduce symptoms Prevent diabetes related complications: blindness, kidney failure, nerve damage, amputation, heart disease
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Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes (cont.)
Social interventions: Recognize and treat blood sugar (hypoglycemia/hyperglycemia) Diabetic meal planning Insulin injections Self-testing physical exercise
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Pubmed: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001350/
References: Pubmed: American Diabetes Association: ADA Diabetes care:
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