1. The Foreign Policies
Theodore Roosevelt- “Speak softly and carry a big stick”
William Howard Taft- “Dollar Diplomacy”
Woodrow Wilson- “Moral Diplomacy”

2. “Speak softly and carry a big stick”
The meaning of this is to not go around looking for a fight, but always be ready for one. Be intimidating, don’t go around intimidating people though. This was Teddy’s policy through his presidency.
“Speak softly and carry a big stick”

3. Russo Japanese War
Teddy mediated the treaty drafting of the russo japanese war. Japan asked him to so it was held in Portsmouth, NH. Even though Japan won, Teddy made it fair for both sides, which made them both, along with the rest of the world, think more favorably of Teddy as well as the United States.

4. Roosevelt’s Idea
Teddy thought the United States needed more than just the Monroe Doctrine.
Roosevelt Corollary- if any Latin American nation engages in chronic wrongdoing, the United States had the right to intervene, which included sending in the military.
Civil unrest
Irresponsible finances
After the the Venezuelan border dispute, Teddy thought the US needed more power. He added the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe doctrine which said the above. Anti-imperialists, like Mark Twain, Andrew Carnegie, and Emilio Aguinaldo, wouldn’t like it.

5. The World’s Police
Teddy wanted to be the police of the western hemisphere. Whether or not people wanted help, he was going to send it. He’d be a diplomat as well as send military places he thought he should send them

6. Roosevelt Corollary in the Dominican Republic (Santo Domingo) 1904
DR owed $32 million to European nations (primarily Germany)
Corruption, bad book keeping, poor decisions
Germany wanted a port in DR
Teddy decided to invade himself – take control of customs house and control the situation
Here’s an example of how Teddy used his corollary. When Santo Domingo owed Europe millions, they wanted to come invade the island and take the money. Instead, Teddy stopped the other nations and invaded it himself and took control of their customs house and controlled the situation. The difference between this and venezuela was that the US intervened before anything had to happen. In venezuela the US waited for the British to have conflict, then intervened.

7. Monroe Doctrine Roosevelt Corollary
MR- passive RC- aggressive
MR- reactive RC- active
MR- message to Euro nations RC- message to everyone
MR- used to keep powers out RC- used to keep “order”
Same- foreign policy, exertion of power, would involve military

8. Panama Canal
French attempted it but stopped because of disease and cost
Revolutionaries wanted Panama to be independent from Columbia – US sends gunboat in support and Panama becomes independent
1904 begin to build canal
Roosevelt visits – 1st time sitting president leaves US
1914 – Canal opens

9. Great White Fleet 16 Battleships from Atlantic Fleet
Painted white
Sailed around the world
“We just wanted to let the world know we were prepared for anything they wanted to kick up. We wanted to show the world what we could do ”
-Random sailor

10. William Howard Taft
Dollar Diplomacy- the strategic use of a country’s finances to extend its international influence and power
Would invest in international opportunities to gain favor from other nations as well as provide the United States with economic expansion opportunities. Send money, not ships.
Prevent European countries from lending money (supported the Monroe Doctrine)

11. Sometimes Peaceful, Sometimes Not
Taft wanted to protect the new investment in Panama, so he attempted to purchase Honduran debt from British bankers – without success.
Nicaragua – funded revolutionaries, sent in troops to protect American interests when the Nicaraguan people rebelled again two years later

12. Wilson’s Moral Diplomacy and American Exceptionalism

13. American Exceptionalism
Moral Diplomacy
Give support to countries that had the same “morals” as the US
Example: Democracy
“I am going to teach the South American republics to elect good men.” – Woodrow Wilson
American Exceptionalism
America has the duty to spread liberty and freedom
Support fellow democracies and injure other forms of government

14. Involvement in Mexico
Revolution had been ongoing since 1899, in Victoriano Huerta came into power when he staged a coup against pro-democracy President Francisco Madero
Wilson refused to recognize this government – “a government of butchers”
American ships in Veracruz – weakened Huerta’s power
Venustiano Carranza, at the head of Revolutionary forces, defeated Huerta and came into power – Wilson recognized him as Mexico’s legitimate president
Why is this important? The US was now becoming increasingly more involved in the internal affairs of other sovereign countries.

15. Francisco “Pancho” Villa
Revolutionary – protested President Wilson’s support of Carranza
Attacked Columbus, New Mexico
President Wilson sent troops
Lead by John J Pershing
Troops managed to expel Villa’s forces
Mexican government did not approve of US troops in Mexico

16. What are we today?
Do we follow Teddy Roosevelt’s “Big Stick Diplomacy”, William Howard Taft’s “Dollar Diplomacy,” or Woodrow Wilson’s “Moral Diplomacy”?
Discuss with your group, or a partner and use historical or contemporary examples