1. 9B Fit and healthy How fit are you? Food for fitness
Caring for your health

2. 9B Fit and healthy
How fit are you?

3. What does it mean to be fit?
9B How fit are you?
What does it mean to be fit?
If you are fit, your body is well set up for exercise.
For exercise your muscle cells need energy. Where does this come from?
energy
water
carbon dioxide
respiration
glucose
oxygen
Which organ systems provide the things you need for respiration?

4. 9B In… out… in… out...
Stand up and feel your ribs! Can you feel these movements when you breathe in and out?

5. Explain these observations about breathing and respiration.
9B Breathing and respiration
Explain these observations about breathing and respiration.
You need to breathe faster and deeper when you run.
Athletes tend to have big lungs.
Smokers often cannot run as fast as non-smokers.
If you are fit, your breathing rate returns to normal quickly after exercise.

6. A joint is a place where two or more bones meet.
9B Know your pelvis from your elbow
A joint is a place where two or more bones meet.
Joints allow us to move.
shoulder
hip
shoulder
elbow
hip
wrist
finger
knee
ankle a b c d e f g
Name these joints.
elbow
finger
knee
Which are ball-and-socket joints?
Which are hinge joints?

7. 9B Knees up!

8. Muscles can only contract (get shorter)
9B Bend it!
Muscles can only contract (get shorter)
or relax (when they can be pulled longer again).

9. Which muscle contracts when you straighten your leg?
9B Antagonistic muscles
What are your muscles doing when you bend your arm? Are they contracting or relaxing?
muscle group
bending the arm
straightening the arm
biceps
triceps
contracting
relaxing
relaxing
contracting
The biceps and triceps are an antagonistic pair of muscles. What does this mean?
Muscles can only pull, not push. So one muscle pulls the bone one way, and the paired muscle pulls it back again.
Which muscle contracts when you straighten your leg?

10. Contracting is hard work for muscles. They get hot.
9B Hot and sweaty
Contracting is hard work for muscles. They get hot.
Respiration releases energy so that they can work.
Look at these thermal images. The hot areas of the body are red. Which exercise belongs with which image?
sit-ups
arm wrestling
swimming
press-ups
cycling
sit-ups
arm wrestling
press-ups
swimming
cycling

11. 9B Fit and healthy
Food for fitness

12. Who do you think is right? Why?
9B Good for you?
Figs are bad for you. They are full of sugar and contain little seeds which can get stuck in your teeth. They are full of calories and even make some people need to go to the toilet! Avoid figs for a healthy diet!
Figs are good for you. They contain lots of vitamins. The sugar in figs is all natural and they help food pass through your system. Figs are perfect for a healthy diet!
Who do you think is right? Why?

13. 9B Healthy diet
Apples are a healthy food. Would apples be healthy if they were all you ever ate?
Are there foods so unhealthy you should not eat them at all? Why might someone avoid a particular food?
A healthy diet contains a good mixture of different nutrients. What are the seven types of nutrient?
Explain why a breast-feeding mother needs a different diet from a housebound elderly man.

14. What foods provide these vitamins and minerals?
9B Vitamins and minerals
We need vitamins and minerals for our bodies to be healthy.
Match each one below to the effect caused if it is missing from the diet.
vitamin or mineral
effect if missing
vitamin A
unhealthy skin
vitamin B
weak bones and teeth
vitamin C
night blindness
iron
anaemia
calcium
scurvy
night blindness
unhealthy skin
scurvy
anaemia
weak bones and teeth
What foods provide these vitamins and minerals?

15. What happens to vitamin C when you cook vegetables?
9B Cooked to death?
What happens to vitamin C when you cook vegetables?
vegetable
vitamin C score
raw
cooked at 60 °C for 1 min
cooked at 60 °C for 5 min
cooked at 60 °C for 10 min
cooked at 100 °C for 1 min
cooked at 100 °C for 5 min
cooked at 100 °C for 10 min
Which has more effect – cooking time or temperature?

16. 9B Fit and healthy
Caring for your health

17. What is the chance of these things happening?
9B How risky?
1 in 5 1 in in in in
What is the chance of these things happening?
chance of...
winning the lottery jackpot this week if you buy one ticket
being killed in a car accident this year
getting cancer if you are a smoker
getting cancer if you are a non-smoker
being struck by lightning this year
1 in
1 in
1 in 5
1 in 100
1 in
So how risky is smoking?

18. What damage does cigarette smoke do to you?
9B Smoking
What damage does cigarette smoke do to you?
cilia
mucus carries dust and microbes
Smoking kills cilia – dirty lungs!
Cilia clean your lungs.
Chemicals that cause cancer creep into your blood. Carbon monoxide stops your blood carrying oxygen. Tar coats your alveoli.
Your heart beats faster and your blood pressure rises – heart havoc!
In the alveoli, oxygen goes into your blood.
Your heart beats to push blood carrying oxygen around your body.

19. Alcohol is a depressant. What does this mean?
9B Alcohol
Alcohol is a depressant. What does this mean?
Alcohol slows down the activity in your brain. It makes you feel relaxed. It can make you dizzy or even unconscious if you drink a lot.
Alcohol is addictive and some people end up drinking too much, too often.
Too much alcohol damages the liver, causing cirrhosis. It also causes brain damage.
What are the dangers of alcohol, apart from brain and liver damage?
How can you avoid these dangers?

20. How much alcohol is in these drinks?
9B Alcohol
How much alcohol is in these drinks?
1 unit
2 units
1 unit
2 units
1 unit
2 units
An adult man should drink no more than 21 units per week.
A woman should drink no more than 14 units per week. How many small glasses of wine is that?

21. Illegal drugs are harmful. That’s why they’re illegal.
9B Illegal drugs
Illegal drugs are harmful. That’s why they’re illegal.
Why do people use illegal drugs?
Match the drug to the danger below.
drug
danger
marijuana
can make you sterile, moody and bad tempered
cocaine and heroin
causes smoking-related illnesses and memory loss, large doses can cause mental illness
steroids
nausea, overheating, dehydration, brain damage and death; tablets may contain other poisons
ecstasy
the most dangerous illegal drugs – every year many addicts die
steroids
marijuana
ecstasy
cocaine and heroin

22. 1. Proteins are needed by the body for…
9B Health quiz
1. Proteins are needed by the body for…
a) growth and repair of tissues
b) a quick energy boost when you are tired
c) stopping you falling asleep in science lessons.
2. Overcooking vegetables can be bad for your health because...
a) cooking allows poisons to build up in vegetables and makes them all taste like Brussel sprouts
b) the heat destroys some of the vitamins
c) you will burn your mouth when you eat them.

23. 3. Exercise that raises your heart rate is good for you because…
9B Health quiz
3. Exercise that raises your heart rate is good for you because…
a) it makes it easier to find your pulse
b) it strengthens the heart muscle
c) it cleans out the arteries as the blood is forced through more quickly.
4. A doctor advised a very overweight patient not to go jogging. Which would not be a good reason for her advice?
a) it could put a strain on your knees
b) you don’t have a good sense of direction – could get lost
c) it could put a strain on your heart.

24. b) yes, provided you only smoke it in certain areas
9B Health quiz
5. Is cannabis legal?
a) yes, provided you only have a small amount for your own personal use
b) yes, provided you only smoke it in certain areas
c) no, cannabis is still illegal in the UK.
6. How much ecstasy can you take before you risk brain damage and even death?
a) one tablet
b) one tablet every week
c) one tablet every month.