1. Seed Plants

2. Seed Plants
Seed - an embryo of a plant encased in a protective coating & surrounded by a food supply

3. General Characteristics
Life cycles alternate between gametophyte & sporophyte generations
Do not require water for fertilization

4. Seed Plants Seed plants are divided into 2 groups: Gymnosperms
Cones – sporophyte structure where gametophytes grow & mature
Seeds exposed directly on the surfaces of cones
Angiosperms
Flower - sporophyte structure where gametophytes grow & mature
Seeds within a layer of tissue that protects the seed

5. Pollination Pollen Grain Contains the male gametophyte
Pollination – when pollen grain is carried to the female reproductive structure by wind, insects, or small animals

6. Gymnosperms – “Naked Seed”
Most gymnosperms & some angiosperms are wind pollinated

7. Groups of Gymnosperms Gnetophytes Cycads About 70 present-day species
Mostly desert-type habitats
Cycads
Palm-like plants that produce large cones
Mostly tropical & subtropical habitats

8. Groups of Gymnosperms Ginkgoes Conifers
Only one species, native to China
Survives because of cultivation
Conifers
The largest & most common gymnosperms are the conifers – more than 500 known species
Includes pines, spruces, firs, cedars, sequoias, redwoods, junipers, & yews
Most are evergreens, retaining their leaves throughout the year

9. Lifecycle of Gymnosperm

10. Angiosperms To insert this slide into your presentation
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Angiosperms

11. Angiosperm Facts
Angiosperms have a unique reproductive organ called FLOWERS
Many produce fruit = a wall of tissue surrounding a seed
The seed leaves of plant embryos are called cotyledons
Flowers that complete an entire life cycle within one growing season are called –annuals
Most are pollinated by animals

12. Monocots and Dicots – 2 classes of Angiosperms
Named for the number of seed leaves (cotyledons) in the plant embryo
Cotyledon helps provide a food source for the developing plant

13. Monocots Cotyledons = 1 Root = Fibrous root
Stem
Seed
Leaves
Flower
Root
Cotyledons = 1
Root = Fibrous root
Stem = vascular bundles scattered throughout
Leaves = Parallel venation
Flower = parts in multiples of 3

14. Dicots Cotyledons = 2 Root = taproot
Stem
Seed
Leaves
Flower
Root
Cotyledons = 2
Root = taproot
Stem = vascular bundles arranged in a ring
Leaves = Branched venation
Flower = parts in multiples of 4 or 5