1. Plants
Turk

2. Adapting to Land Chapter 28
Section 1 Overview of Plants
Chapter 28
Adapting to Land
Three adaptations have allowed plants to be successful on land:
a waxy cuticle to prevent water loss
haploid spores and diploid seeds to protect reproductive cells
special vascular tissues called xylem and phloem for absorbing and transporting materials within the plant.

3. Classifying Plants Chapter 28
Section 1 Overview of Plants
Chapter 28
Classifying Plants
Nonvascular plants have neither true vascular tissue nor roots, stems, or leaves.
Most vascular plants have vascular tissue and true roots, stems, and leaves.
Vascular plants can be further divided into two groups, seedless plants and seed plants.
Seed plants include gymnosperms and angiosperms.

4. Alternating Life Cycles
Section 1 Overview of Plants
Chapter 28
Alternating Life Cycles
All plants have a life cycle known as alternation of generations.
In alternation of generations, a haploid (only one of each chromosome) gametophyte produces gametes. Gametes unite and give rise to a diploid (two of each chromosome) sporophyte.
The sporophyte produces haploid spores, which develop into gametophytes.

5. Characteristics of Bryophytes
Section 2 Nonvascular Plants
Chapter 28
Characteristics of Bryophytes
Nonvascular plants are called bryophytes.
These plants do not have true roots, stems, or leaves.
They are very small and are usually found in moist areas.

6. Seedless Vascular Plants
Section 3 Vascular Plants
Chapter 28
Seedless Vascular Plants
Vascular plants have several adaptive advantages over nonvascular plants, tissues that move water and food, the ability to live in many environments, and strong stems that allow them to grow tall and receive more sunlight.

7. Vascular Seed Plants Chapter 28
Section 3 Vascular Plants
Chapter 28
Vascular Seed Plants
There are two main groups of seed-bearing vascular plants, gymnosperms and angiosperms.
Gymnosperms are characterized by naked seeds and no flowers.
Angiosperms have flowers and seeds enclosed by a fruit.

8. Plant Parts Chapter 29 Roots stems leaves Move water upwards
Section 1 Plant Cells and Tissues
Chapter 29
Plant Parts
Roots
Move water upwards
Can also be a storage site
stems
provide the leaves with height to reach the sunlight
leaves
Site of photosynthesis and gas exchange
Transpiration through stomata

9. Parts of a Flower Chapter 30
Section 2 Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
Chapter 30
Parts of a Flower
The male reproductive structures are stamens, each of which consists of an anther and a filament.
The anther produces pollen grains.
The filament supports an anther.
The female reproductive structures are called carpels.
One or more carpels fused together to make the pistil.
The base of a pistil contains the ovary, which will produce
A style, which is usually stalklike, rises from the ovary.
The tip of the style is called the stigma, which usually is sticky or has hairs in order to trap pollen grains.

10. Section 2 Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
Chapter 30
Pollination
Bright petals and distinctive odors attract animals that feed on pollen and nectar, a nourishing solution of sugars.
Many different kinds of animals can be pollinators.
When these animals gather nectar, pollen sticks to their bodies. As they collect more nectar, the animals deposit some of the pollen on other flowers. This is how the animals pollinate other flowers.