1. Chapter 22: Plant Diversity
CHAPTERS 22, 23, and 24 PLANTS
Chapter 22:
Plant Diversity

2. AGENDA May 5 1. Chapter 21 QUIZ 2. Chapter 22 Plant Diversity
Objectives: Compare the characteristics of different groups of plants.
1. Chapter 21 QUIZ
2. Chapter 22 Plant Diversity
3. Plants Guided Reading Packet
4. Review and Homework
Packet DUE on Monday May 9

3. 22-1 Intro to Plants 1. Multicellular eukaryotes.
What characteristics identify an organism as a plant?
1. Multicellular eukaryotes.
2. Cells walls made of cellulose.
3. Multicellular embryos.
4. Photosynthesis
Chlorophyll a and b

4. Life Cycle and Survival
Sporophyte –
diploid phase (2N)
Spore producing plant
Gametophyte –
haploid phase (N)
produces gametes

5. Life Cycle and Survival
Four Basic Needs
1. Sunlight
2. Water
3. Minerals, Gas Exchange
4. Movement of Water and Nutrients
Why does a plant require each one?

6. Overview of Plants Plants evolved from which organisms?
Four GROUPS  1. Mosses 2. Ferns
3 Features Conifers 4. Flowering
Water-conducting tissues
Seeds
Flowers

7. 22-2 Bryophytes (1) Mosses, liverworts, and hornworts
Require water for reproduction
No vascular tissues
Water taken in by osmosis
Grow very close to ground
Rhizoids – root like structures
Long thin cells draw up water and minerals
Gemmae – small, multicellular reproductive structures

8. 22-3 Seedless Vascular Plants
Specialized to conduct water and nutrients through plant
XYLEM – specialized tissue to transport water
PHLOEM – tissue that transports solutions of nutrients and carbohydrates.
Both can move materials against the force of gravity.
LIGNIN – makes cell walls rigid
Plants grow upright

9. Ferns (2) Development of specialized structures
Roots – absorb water and minerals
Leaves – photosynthetic organs
Stems – support structures
carry water and nutrients

11. AGENDA May 6 1. CONCEPT CHECK 2. Chapter 21 QUIZ RESULTS
Objectives: Compare the characteristics of different groups of plants.
1. CONCEPT CHECK
2. Chapter 21 QUIZ RESULTS
3. Complete Chapter 22 Plant Diversity
4. Review and Homework
Packet DUE on Monday May 9
PLANTS TEST ON TUESDAY MAY 10

12. CONCEPT CHECK MAY 6 1. Why do plants require water? Where is it used?
2. How did plants evolve to grow upright?
3. Which structures represent an evolution by ferns from the bryophytes?

13. CONCEPT CHECK MAY 6 1. Plants break down water for electrons. 8
Electrons are charged with sunlight in PSII.
2. Develop vascular tissues. 9
Xylem moves water
Phloem moves nutrients
3. Roots, Stems, and Leaves 6

14. 22-4: Seed Plants DO NOT REQUIRE WATER for fertilization
Flowers or cones
Pollination
Protection of embryos in seeds

15. 22-4: Gymnosperms (3)
GYMNOSPERMS bear seeds on cones

16. 22-4: Angiosperms (4)
ANGIOSPERMS are flowering plants that bear seeds within tissue.

17. Reproductive Parts Cones and flowers – Seed bearing structures
Pollination – transfer of pollen
by wind, insects, animals.
Seeds provide
protection and food supply
for embryo

18. 22-5: Angiosperms Flowers are reproductive organs.
Ovaries – surround and protect seeds
Seeds produced within ovaries
Ovaries mature into fruits
Fruits aid in the dispersion of seeds

19. DO NOW Monocots and Dicots

20. CHAPTER 23
ROOTS, STEMS, and LEAVES

21. 23-1: Specialized Tissues in Plants
Three Principal Organs of Seed Plants
ROOTS
STEMS
LEAVES

22. 23-2 ROOTS Taproot – long thick primary root
Small secondary roots
Fibrous root – large cluster of
roots all of the same size.

23. Root Functions 1. Anchor plants to the ground
2. Absorb nutrients and water
Active transport required to take in minerals from soil

24. 22-3 STEMS Three major functions
1. Produce leaves, branches, and flowers.
2. hold leaves up to sunlight
3. transport substances between roots and leaves

26. AGENDA May 9 1. Chapter 21 QUIZ RESULTS
Objectives: Compare the characteristics of different groups of plants.
1. Chapter 21 QUIZ RESULTS
2. Complete Chapter 22 Plant Diversity
3. Review and Homework
Packet DUE on Monday May 9
PLANTS TEST ON TUESDAY MAY 10

27. Leaf Functions
Photosynthesis occurs in mesophyll - specialized ground tissue.
What structures are found in the mesophyll?
Stomata – pore-like openings that allow CO2 and O2 into/out of cell.
Guard cells control opening and closing of stomata
Operate in pairs
Respond to changes in H2O pressure

28. Guard Cells and Stomata
Stomata open during daytime
Closed at night.
Transpiration – water loss through a plant’s leaves

29. Plant Nutrition and Transport

30. 23-5: Transport in Plants
Water transport requires enough force to move water through xylem
Root pressure
Capillary action
Transpiration
Adhesion – the attraction of water molecules with unlike molecules
H2O forms hydrogen bonds
Capillary action is the attraction of water to the walls of a tube – water climbs higher in thinner tubes

31. Transpirational Pull
Water is high = Open Stomata
Excess water lost through transpiration
Water is low = H2O pressure drop
Guard cells close stomata

32. Pressure-Flow Hypothesis
Nutrients pumped into or removed from PHLOEM
Change in concentration of fluid also occurs
Same direction
Nutrients move from a
high concentration SOURCE  low concentration SINK
ROOT  LEAF OR LEAF  ROOT