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What is Information? "Information is produced when data are processed so that they are placed within some context in order to convey meaning to a recipient."

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Presentation on theme: "What is Information? "Information is produced when data are processed so that they are placed within some context in order to convey meaning to a recipient.""— Presentation transcript:

1 What is Information? "Information is produced when data are processed so that they are placed within some context in order to convey meaning to a recipient."

2 What is Information Ontology Functional / temporal Data? Knowledge?
Symbols? Facts? Functional / temporal User Group Species

3 What is knowledge? Data - Facts, observations, or perceptions.
Information - Subset of data, only including those data that possess context, relevance, and purpose. Knowledge - A more simplistic view considers knowledge as being at the highest level in a hierarchy with data (at the lowest level) and information (at the middle level). Data refers to bare facts void of context. A telephone number. Information is data in context. A phone book. Knowledge is information that facilitates action. Recognizing that a phone number belongs to a good client, who needs to be called once per week to get his orders.

4 From Facts to Wisdom (Haeckel & Nolan, 1993) one example of the hierarchy

5 What is knowledge? Knowledge - A more complex view considers knowledge as intrinsically different from information. Instead of considering knowledge as richer or more detailed set of facts, we define knowledge in an area as justified beliefs about relationships among concepts relevant to that particular area.

6 What is Information? INFORMATION What is told: knowledge. synonyms - intelligence, knowledge, news DATA series of facts: information KNOWLEDGE What one knows: learning synonyms - education, enlightenment, learning, wisdom, cognizance, information

7 Webster’s Dictionary

8 A statistical perspective

9 What is Information An aspect of intelligence? An aspect of life?
Derivative to its use An aspect of life? Innate to physical reality? Innate code, ex DNA, etc.

10 Characteristics of Information
Invariant Dynamic Personal Situational Cultural An act versus a fact Additive Symbolic

11

12 What is Information Our model: a representation of data
Whenever possible formalize the information process What is formalization? Logical or mathematical representation Examples?

13 Formalization/automation/computerization of Information
Advantages: Costs Reproducibility Scalability Automation Interpretation Others?

14 Consequences of Information
Information can lead to Decisions Actions Contemplation Laws More information

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