1. Department of Microbiology
IMMUNE RESPONSE
Dr. Mohit Bhatia
Assistant Professor
Department of Microbiology
AIIMS, Rishikesh

2. LAYOUT INTRODUCTION ANTIGEN PRESENTATION CELL MEDIATED IMMUNE RESPONSE
HUMORAL IMMUNE RESPONSE
AN OVERVIEW OF CYTOKINES

3. INTRODUCTION
Immune response refers to highly coordinated reaction of the cells of immune system and their products
Cell mediated immune response: T cells
Humoral immune response: Antibodies
NK cells, macrophages, granulocytes are also component of CMI (Non-specific)

4. ANTIGEN PRESENTATION

5. ANTIGEN PRESENTING CELLS

6. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN DIFFERENT APCs

7. PATHWAYS OF ANTIGEN PRESENTATION

8. ENDOGENOUS (MHC I) EXOGENOUS (MHC II)
Talk about receptor mediated endocytosis and autophagy.

9. CELL MEDIATED IMMUNE RESPONSE
Talk about Groups I & II CMI.

10. Development of αβ T cells

11. Positive & Negative selection of thymocytes results in mature T cells that are both self-MHC restricted & self-tolerant

12. INSTRUCTIVE & STOCHASTIC MODELS

13. T CELL RECEPTOR-CORECEPTOR COMPLEX & OTHER SURFACE MOLECULES

14. INTERACTIONS BETWEEN T CELLS & APCs

15. OVERVIEW OF TCR MEDIATED SIGNALING

16. TH-cell activation requires a co-stimulatory signal provided by APCs

17. CONCEPT OF CLONAL ANERGY

18. Super-antigen mediated cross-linkage of T-cell receptor and class II MHC molecules
TSST-1
EXFT
SPE- A,B,C,D

19. Activation of TH cells by signal 1 & co-stimulatory signal 2 up-regulates expression of IL-2
and the high affinity IL-2 receptor, leading to the entry of the T cell into the cell
cycle and several rounds of proliferation.
Some of the cells differentiate
into effector cells, others into memory cells.

20. FEATURES OF NAÏVE & EFFECTOR T CELLS

21. EFFECTOR MOLECULES PRODUCED BY EFFECTOR T CELLS

22. GENERATION OF EFFECTOR CTLs

23. STAGES IN CTL MEDIATED KILLING OF TARGET CELLS

24. CTL MEDIATED PORE FORMATION IN THE TARGET CELL MEMBRANE

25. PATHWAYS OF TARGET CELL APOPTOSIS STIMULATED BY CTLs

26. ASSESMENT OF CMI Mixed lymphocyte reaction Cell mediated lympholysis
Graft versus host reaction

27. NK CELL MEDIATED KILLING: OPPOSING SIGNALS MODEL

28. Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity(ADCC)

29. ANTIBODY DEPENDENT CELL MEDIATED CYTOTOXICITY (ADCC)

30. HUMORAL IMMUNE RESPONSE

31. OVERVIEW OF B CELL DEVELOPMENT

32. Pro-B CELL & BONE MARROW STROMAL CELL INTERACTION

33. B-CELL RECEPTOR-CORECEPTOR COMPLEX

34. THYMUS INDEPENDENT & DEPENDENT ANTIGENS

35. PROPERTIES OF TI & TD ANTIGENS

36. B-CELL MEDIATED IMMUNE RESPONSE

38. B-CELL MEDIATED RESPONSE

40. Schematic diagram of a peripheral lymph node showing anatomic sites at which various steps in B-cell activation, proliferation and differentiation occur.
The cortex is rich in B cells & the paracortex in T cells.
Both B and T cells are present in large numbers in the medulla.
A secondary follicle contains the follicular mantle and a germinal center.

41. OVERVIEW OF CELLULAR EVENTS WITHIN GERMINAL CENTERS

42. The interactions of numerous cytokines with B cells
generate signals required for proliferation and class switching during
the differentiation of B cells into plasma cells

43. NAÏVE & MEMORY B CELLS

44. PRIMARY & SECONDARY IMMUNE RESPONSE

45. COMPARISON OF PRIMARY & SECONDARY IMMUNE RESPONSES

46. EFFECTOR FUNCTIONS OF HUMORAL IMMUNITY

47. Phagocytosis of antibody-antigen
Neutralization
Bacterial toxins
Host cell
Toxin receptors
Neutralization by antibody
Phagocytosis of antibody-antigen
complex by macrophage
Fc receptor
Forming phagosome

48. Opsonization Extracellular bacteria Opsonization Macrophage
Ingestion by macrophage
Digestion in lysosome

49. Complement Activation
Digestion in lysosome
Bacteria in plasma
Complement
activation
Lysis and
ingestion

50. TRANSCYTOSIS

52. AN OVERVIEW OF CYTOKINES

53. INDUCTION & FUNCTION OF CYTOKINES

54. ATTRIBUTES OF CYTOKINES

55. Interaction of antigen with macrophages and the
subsequent activation of resting TH cells leads to release of numerous cytokines (blue arrows), generating a complex network of interacting cells in the immune response.

56. SUMMARY OF CYTOKINES
Talk about therapeutic uses of cytokines as well.