1. Jitendra Malik U.C. Berkeley
Human vision
Jitendra Malik
U.C. Berkeley

3. Cerebral Cortex

5. Monocular Visual Field: 160 deg (w) X 175 deg (h) Binocular Visual Field: 200 deg (w) X 135 deg (h)

7. Cones and Rods

9. Receptor density vs eccentricity

10. Processing in the retina

11. ON and OFF cells in retinal ganglia

12. Visual Processing Areas

13. The visual system performs
Measurement of light and spatial relations
Perceptual Organization
Active interaction with environment

14. Measurement of light and spatial relations
Measuring light
Sensitivity over high dynamic range
Gain control results in “Weber Machine”
Sensitivity to contrast rather than absolute luminance level—discounting the illuminant
Measuring Spatial relations
Contrast sensitivity function
Vernier Acuity

16. Threshold vs. Intensity

17. Weber Contrast Cw = ΔL/L Michelson Contrast CM = (Lmax – Lmin)/2 Lmean

18. Why contrast is the right variable..

19. Simultaneous Contrast

20. Mach Band

21. A Mach Band in 1D profile

22. Craik-O’Brien-Cornsweet

24. Contrast Sensitivity Function at different luminances

25. Receptor density vs eccentricity

26. CSF as function of eccentricity

27. Cortical Magnification Factor

28. Mapping from Retina to V1

29. Physiological Optics 1840-1894

30. The Empiricist-Nativist debate

31. The debate.. (and sometimes both were right !)
Helmholtz argued that perception is unconscious inference. Associations are earned through experience.
Hering proposed physiological mechanisms—opponent color channels, contrast mechanisms, conjunctive and sisjunctive eye movements..

32. The Twentieth Century..
The Gestalt movement emphasized perceptual organization.
Grouping
Figure/ground
Configuration effects on perception of brightness and lightness

33. Grouping factors

34. Grouping Factors

35. The Figure-Ground Problem

36. Transparency

37. Wallach’s Brightness ratios

38. Gibson’s ecological optics (1950)
Emphasized richness of information about shape and surface layout available to a moving observer
Optical flow
Texture Gradients
( and the classical cues such as stereopsis etc)

40. Measuring Surface Orientation

41. Accomodation

42. Depth of field of human eye

43. Convergence

44. Convergence angle vs. distance

45. Binocular Stereopsis

46. Optical flow for a pilot

47. Some Pictorial Cues

48. Shading

49. Cast Shadows

50. Geometry of cast shadows