1. Chapter Objectives Section 4: European Cultures
Discuss the impact of the Crusades on Europe’s contact with the Middle East. 
Analyze the impact of the Renaissance on European exploration.
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2. Thought for the Day
If your house had been robbed multiple times while you were gone, what would be the best way to prevent another robbery?
What impact would that have on your personal life?

3. The People of Europe

4. Europe Controlled by Roman Empire until its collapse in 500 AD
AD- known as the Middle Ages (Dark Ages)
Western Europe is controlled by Feudalism

5. Feudalism Nobles (lords) divide land among lesser lords
They owe him military service
Serfs (peasants) work the land and give food to the noble for shelter and protection (manorialism)
Causes trade and movement to be limited

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European Society (cont.)
What was feudalism?
Feudalism was a political system in which the king gave estates to nobles in exchange for their loyalty and military support.
(pages 32–37)
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7. Motives for Exploration
Improvements in Technology
The Renaissance
Religious Conflict
The Crusades
Protestant Reformation

8. 1. The Crusades (1096-1300) Muslim Turks seize Jerusalem
The church plans a series of wars to take back Jerusalem
Brought back new products and ideas from other areas
This sparks peoples’ interest in these places
Countries begin explorations

9. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.
Expanding Horizons (cont.)
How did the Crusades help change western European society?
The Crusades brought western Europeans into contact with Muslim and Byzantine civilizations of eastern Europe and the Middle East. Trade increased in the eastern Mediterranean area.
(pages 34–35)
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10. 2. The Renaissance (1300-1600) Rebirth of creativity
Creates a desire for learning
1456- Johann Gutenberg invents the printing press
Information spreads faster

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Critical Thinking
Synthesizing How did the Renaissance lead to European exploration?
A commitment to learning helped trigger the development of new technologies.
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13. 3. The Reformation (1500s) Led by Martin Luther
Question church authority

14. Martin Luther

15. New Technology Makes Sea Travel Easier
Compass & Gunpowder (China)
Astrolabe (lat. & long.)
Mapping skills
Caravel (steer better)
Lateen sails (triangular) sail against the wind

16. Some historians believe that the compass was independently invented in China and Europe at about the same time.

17. Astrolabe

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19. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

20. Portuguese Exploration
Land route to Asia cut off by Muslim Turks
Want to find route around Africa to Asia
1419- Prince Henry the Navigator starts a mariner school
Who will be the first European country to use African slaves???
1488- Bartholomeu Dias- reaches S tip of Africa
1497- Vasco da Gama- reaches Asia around Africa

21. Henry the Navigator

22. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.
Portuguese Exploration (cont.)
How did Henry the Navigator help Portuguese exploration?
He set up a center for astronomical and geographical studies in Portugal.
(page 37)
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23. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.
New States, New Technology (cont.)
What political developments and new technologies made it possible for Europeans to search for a water route to China?
(pages 35–37)
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24. New States, New Technology (cont.)
The Crusades and trade with Asia weakened feudalism. New towns and merchants gave monarchs a new source of wealth to tax. Armed forces opened and protected trade routes. Merchants loaned money to monarchs to search for a water route to China. Monarchs relied less on support from nobility and began to unify their kingdoms with strong central governments. The Renaissance led to a scientific revolution. New technologies included the astrolabe, compass, lateen sails, and the caravel.
(pages 35–37)

25. Ch 1 chart

26. Native Americans Africans Europeans
Compare and Contrast
Native Americans
Africans
Europeans

27. Social Structure Native Americans Kinship Africans
1 ancestor- matrilineal
Europeans
Class system

28. Religion Native Americans Powerful forces- sacred rituals Africans
Many spirits- Islam
Europeans
Christianity

29. Preserve Culture Native Americans Oral history Africans Europeans
written

30. Trade Native Americans Needs and wants- Respect Africans
Europeans

31. Land
Native Americans
Plentiful
Africans
Europeans
Short supply

32. Land ownership Native Americans Could not be owned Africans
People are a symbol of wealth
Europeans
Land is a symbol of wealth