1. North America
Sub-Saharan Africa
India
Caribbean
North Africa
East Asia
Central America
Europe
South East Asia
South America
Middle East
Oceania

2. Geography: Basic Skills
Using tools and Methods of Geographers

3. Region
An area with similar physical features and common cultural characteristics
EX – North vs South America
EX – North Africa vs Sub-Saharan Africa

4. Today’s Objective Know our 1st benchmark
Use different geographical tools, such as direction, coordinates, keys, scales and different map types
Find locations on a map using longitude and latitude.

5. 1st Benchmark of the Year
Benchmark SS
Use tools and methods of geographers to understand changing views of world regions
What do you need to be able to do to achieve this benchmark?
Students will be able to…
Use tools of geographers.
Be able to find things on maps using keys, scales, directions, coordinates and glossaries.
Use methods of geographers.
Analyze and use different types maps
Identify physical features, major landforms and regions

6. Map Components
Title
Grid
Key or Legend
Compass
Scale

11. Hemispheres?

12. Relative Location VS Absolute Location
Location = how to find a specific place in the world
Relative Location
Relative to an other place
Uses distance and direction from a known place to find location
Not as specific or exact
Use the SCALE (distance) and COMPASS (direction) to find
EX: 2,600miles South West of California
Absolute Location
Precisely where a place is on a map
Exact location with no relation to anywhere else
Use longitude and latitude coordinates
Will be given in degrees and hemisphere like a graph
EX: 23*N, 165*W

13. Relative Location Relative to an other place
Uses distance and direction from a known place to find location
Not as specific or exact
Use the SCALE (distance) and COMPASS (direction) to find
EX: 2,600miles South West of California

14. Find a know Place
Find the Scale
Find the Compass
Or know which
direction is North

15. Measure the distance
Between your two
Marks with the scale
Mark on a piece of
paper the distance
What direction is the
Line going from
The known place

16. Absolute Location Precisely where a place is on a map
Exact location with no relation to anywhere else
Use longitude and latitude coordinates
Will be given in degrees and hemisphere like a graph
EX: 23*N, 165*W

17. Typical Graph Each point has two values:
The “X” value that runs along the horizontal “X” axis
The “Y” value that runs along the vertical “Y” axis
Y axis
X axis

18. East West, North South on The Earth
Let the X axis be the Equator.
Let the Y axis be the Prime Meridian, that runs through Greenwich outside of London.
Lat/Long are the 2 grid points by which you can locate any point on earth. Y X

19. East West, North South on the Earth
Let each of the four quarters then be designated by North or South and East or West.
EX: 7*n, 64*e
15*s, 125*w N W E S

20. East West, North South on the Earth
The N tells us we’re north of the Equator.
The S tells us we’re south of the Equator.
The E tells us we’re east of the Prime Meridian.
The W tells us we’re west of the Prime Meridian.
(N, W)
(N, E)
(S, W)
(S, E)

21. East West, North South on the Earth
That means all points in North America will have a North latitude and a West longitude because it is North of the Equator and West of the Prime Meridian.
(N, W)
Equator
Prime Meridian

22. East West, North South on the Earth
Equator
What would be the latitude and longitude directions in Australia? ?
Prime Meridian
If you said South and East , you’re right!

23. What is Latitude?
Latitude is the distance from the equator along the Y axis.
All points along the equator have a value of 0 degrees latitude.
North pole = 90°N
South pole = 90°S
Values are expressed in terms of degrees.
90°N Y X
90°S

24. What is Longitude?
Longitude is the distance from the prime meridian along the X axis.
All points along the prime meridian have a value of 0 degrees longitude.
The earth is divided into two parts, or hemispheres, of east and west longitude. Y X
180°W
180°E

25. The earth is divided into 360 equal slices (meridians)
What is Longitude?
The earth is divided into 360 equal slices (meridians)
180 west and 180 east of the prime meridian Y X
180°W
180°E

26. See If You Can Tell In Which Quarter These Lon/Lats Are Located
1. 41°N, 21°E
2. 37°N, 76°W
3. 72°S, 141°W
4. 7°S, 23°W
5. 15°N, 29°E
6. 34°S, 151°E A B C D B A C D

27. Now you’re ready to find some locations on a map!

28. Relative Location VS Absolute Location
Location = how to find a specific place in the world
Relative Location
Relative to an other place
Uses distance and direction from a known place to find location
Not as specific or exact
Use the SCALE (distance) and COMPASS (direction) to find
EX: 2,600miles South West of California
Absolute Location
Precisely where a place is on a map
Exact location with no relation to anywhere else
Use longitude and latitude coordinates
Will be given in degrees and hemisphere like a graph
EX: 23*N, 165*W

29. Types of Maps

30. Political Map
Political maps show boarders &how people have divided places on the Earth into countries, states, cities and other units for the purpose of governing them.

31. Physical Map
Physical maps show what the surface of the Earth looks like. You can see physical features

32. Thematic Maps
Thematic maps show a specific information laid on top of a map.
The Key shows us what information is being presented so you can read the map.

33. KEY

34. Map of World Religions
KEY

36. Map Review What is the purpose of a Political map?
What is the purpose of a Physical map?
What is the most important part of an Thematic map?