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The Universe is Matter and Energy
Matter – Anything that has mass and takes up space, made of atoms and molecules Energy – Ability to do work, change type of energy to another.
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Types of Energy Thermal – Motion of atoms/molecules.
Electromagnetic – light Electric – movement of electric charge Mechanical – movement of everyday objects Nuclear – Inside nucleus of atoms.
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Law of Conservation of Matter Law of Conservation of Energy
Matter and Energy cannot be created or destroyed. All matter must be accounted for in any physical or chemical change.
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Earth Facts The Earth is about 4.6 billion years old.
About 71% of the Earth’s surface is covered by liquid water. Only planet known to have life
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Earth Reservoirs Reservoirs – systems where matter and energy are stored. Closed system – energy exchanged with other systems but not matter. Open system – matter and energy are exchanged with other systems.
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Earth Systems: Geosphere
Rocky part of Earth, rocks, minerals, soil, or groundwater. Groundwater – water inside of rocks, part of Geosphere. Heat trying to escape causes earthquakes, volcanoes, and moving continents.
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Earth Systems: Atmosphere
Blanket of gases that surrounds the Earth held in by gravity. Protects life from harmful space radiation. Weather – Current conditions of atmosphere. Climate – Statistics of weather.
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Earth Systems: Hydrosphere
Liquid water on Earth surface (oceans, lakes rivers), covers 71% of the Earth’s surface. 97% of Earth’s water is salty. Field of Study – Oceanography and Hydrology.
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Earth Systems: Biosphere
Any living organism (life form) All life contains Carbon. Photosynthesis - Plants create energy from CO2, H20, and solar radiation Cellular Respiration – Animals create energy from glucose (or sugar, C6H12O6) and oxygen (O2) Field of Study: Biology
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Water Cycle
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Carbon Cycle
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Nitrogen Cycle
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Phosphorus Cycle
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Rock Cycle
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