1. FCC – Future Circular Collider
M. Benedikt
gratefully acknowledging input from FCC coordination group the global design study team and all contributors PS
FCC
LHC
SPS
Work supported by the European Commission under the HORIZON 2020 project EuroCirCol, grant agreement

2. Discoveries by colliders
Standard Model
Particles and forces
LHC:
Higgs-boson
SPEAR:
charm quark
tau lepton
SppS:
Z-boson
W-boson
Tevatron:
top-quark
PETRA:
gluon
New slide from Davide.
Showing that conductor development is launched at international level, Russia, Japan, (Korea and Europe in preparation)
Underline importance of that development as main cost driver for the hadron collider machine.
Colliders are powerful instruments in High Energy physics
for particle discoveries and precision measurements

3. Many open questions remaining
Standard model describes known matter, i.e. 5% of the universe!
what is dark matter?
what is dark energy?
why is there more matter than antimatter?
why do the masses differ by more than 13 orders of magnitude?
do fundamental forces unify in single field theory?
what about gravity?
Is there a “world equation – theory of everything”? …
Known Matter 4.9%
Dark Matter 26.8%
Dark Energy 68.3%
galaxy rotation curves, Zwicky
New slide from Davide.
Showing that conductor development is launched at international level, Russia, Japan, (Korea and Europe in preparation)
Underline importance of that development as main cost driver for the hadron collider machine.
K. Borras

4. High Energy Colliders under study
100 TeV
100 TeV pp  m
discovery of new particles at 10 TeV mass scale

5. Future Circular Collider Study
GOAL: CDR and cost review for the next ESU (2019)
International FCC collaboration (CERN as host lab) to study:
pp-collider (FCC-hh)  main emphasis, defining infrastructure requirements
km tunnel infrastructure in Geneva area, site specific
e+e- collider (FCC-ee), as potential first step
p-e (FCC-he) option, integration one IP, FCC-hh & ERL
HE-LHC with FCC-hh technology
~16 T  100 TeV pp in 100 km

6. Accelerator and Infrastructure
FCC Scope:
Accelerator and Infrastructure
CERN, 30th September 2015
The conceptual design report encompasses collider design options, studies of the required infrastructures, an identification of R&D needs together with prioritization, the elaboration of physics cases and how they are covered by different collider options, sketches of particle physics experiments that can take place at the colliders and finally cost estimates of R&D, construction and transition phases encompassing all studied topics.
M. Benedikt

7. CERN Circular Colliders & FCC
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
Constr.
Physics
LEP
Design
Proto
Construction
Physics
LHC – operation run 2
Design
Construction
Physics
HL-LHC - ongoing project
~20 years
Design
FCC – design study
Must advance fast now to be ready for the period 2035 – 2040
Goal of phase 1: CDR by end 2018 for next update of European Strategy
Physics
Construction
Proto

8. Progress on site investigations
90 – 100 km fits geological situation well
Use the latest slides from John/Charlie.
100 km machines, possibly with both versions intersecting and non-intersecting?

9. FCC Tunnel Layout ‘Baseline’ Layout 100 km tunnel 6 m inner diameter
4 large experimental caverns
8 service caverns for infrastructure
12 & 4 vertical shafts (3 km integral)
2 transfer tunnels (10 km)
2 beam dump tunnels (4 km)
Studies are now shifting more on integration aspects, safety, access, installation.
Single vs. double tunnels, optimisation of cross sesctions, etc.

10. Hadron collider parameters
FCC-hh
LHC
Energy [TeV]
100 c.m.
14 c.m.
Dipole field [T] 16
8.33
# IP
2 main, +2 4
Luminosity/IPmain [cm-2s-1]
5-10 x 1034
1 x 1034
Energy/beam [GJ]
8.4
0.39
Synchr. rad. [W/m/apert.]
28.4
0.17
Bunch spacing [ns]
25 (5) 25
*tentative

11. Hadron collider energy evolution [GeV vs. year]
CERN, 30th September 2015
Energy Evolution (pp)
30 years
10 x energy
25 years
7 x energy
For hadron collider, breaking through the current energy frontier is the most challenging goal. Almost the same increase of collision energy that took us from Tevatron to the LHC is foreseen for a future hadron collider, with the goal to become a discovery machine.
Hadron collider energy evolution [GeV vs. year]

12. Tevatron (retired) Circumference: 6.2 km Energy: 2 TeV
When looking at the footprint of coming circular colliders, the best is to take a look at the evolution of large scale machines, starting with the machine that first achieved 1 TeV of energy per beam – the Tevatron at FNAL in the US.
M. Benedikt

13. Large Hadron Collider Circumference: 27 km Energy: - 14 TeV (pp)
- 209 GeV (LEP: e+e-)
M. Benedikt

14. Future Circular Collider
Circumference: km
Energy:
100 TeV (pp)
>350 GeV (e+e-)
The ILC linear collider would have a length in the order of 40 km, larger than the diameter of an FCC (~ 32 km)
M. Benedikt

15. 16 T 2.0 Push Technologies Nb3Sn Repair & Maintenance
High-field Magnets
16 T
Novel Materials and Processes
Nb3Sn
Large-scale Cryogenics
Power Efficiency
Reliability & Availability
Repair
&
Maintenance
Global Scale Computing
2.0
In order to meet the performance goals and to achieve a good value versus cost ratio for constructing and operating a scaled up frontier collider, a set of key technologies needs to be pushed far beyond the current state-of-the art:
A design and construction concept for a high-quality, high-field superconducting accelerator magnet to be produced in large quantity needs to be developed.
Novel materials and novel processing techniques for those materials need to be identified for numerous key elements, ranging from magnets over radiofrequency systems to beam screen and beam pipe, collimators, dumps and many more.
Power efficient and highly-reliable cryogenics systems for large-scale deployment need to be developed together with industry partners
Blunt scaling of existing machines impose a limit on the operability. Therefore ways to improve energy efficiency for accelerator elements and for technical infrastructure services are considered key enablers
Availability depends strongly on external factors such as injecting accelerators, infrastructure services, reduced and co-scheduled maintenance and repair actions. Therefore an overall approach to study the cost and benefits of individual and of combined availability increasing approaches become critical already at the very beginning. The assessment of methods to study availability for a future large-scale collider are already considered a valuable initiative, which may turn into
CERN and the LHC have pioneered world-wide data grid services for scientific computing and data analysis. With ever increasing operation expenditures and dependence on network infrastructures the time has come to pave the way for cost and performance efficient next generation computing infrastructures which can be dynamically fit to every changing needs. FCC provides a fruitful ground to create a multi-disciplinary interest group to work on a uniform architecture, an adaptable performance frame and a shared usage and financing model federating all science communities, which rely on distributed computing and data infrastructures.
CERN, 30th September 2015
M. Benedikt

16. Key technology16 T dipoles
Swiss contribution
via PSI
Common coils
Cos-theta
Canted
Cos-theta
Blocks
New slide from Davide.
Showing that conductor development is launched at international level, Russia, Japan, (Korea and Europe in preparation)
Underline importance of that development as main cost driver for the hadron collider machine.
Key program for feasibility

17. Tesla and Magnetic Fields31
Millionths 5
Thousands 1
Hundreds
To get an impression of what a magnetic field of 16 Tesla means consider a few examples from everyday life: The earth’s magnetic field is a millionths of a tesla. A magnet pinned on your fridge to hold a note is a thousands of a Tesla and an ordinary household horseshoe magnet is a hundreds of a Tesla. Magnetresonance imaging works in the Tesla range and for functional imaging, currently 7 Tesla magnets are starting to become deployed. This can be compared to the LHC main dipole magnet, which has, however, much larger dimensions.
1.5 – 3 7
8.3
CERN, 30th September 2015
M. Benedikt

18. Time Indicator Time Indicator Case: LHC superconducting dipole magnets
CERN, 30th September 2015
Time Indicator
Case: LHC superconducting dipole magnets
Conceptual studies
R & D
Development
Industrialization
Series production
Industry participation
Total
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
The evidence is backed up by the experience from the LHC superconducting magnet R&D and production schedules, which took 25 years. It is indicated to anticipate industry participation in order to be sure that the ingredients needed to build the key elements of a hadron collider can indeed be delivered in time at the required quality, with the required quantities at the estimated cost! Hence, we set up already now a network of superconducting cable producers to work with industry together towards a subsequent R&D phase.
~ 15 years
~ 25 years
M. Benedikt

19. Detector Concepts for 100 TeV pp
Very large volume of high magnetic field needed to measure momentum of charged particles.
Expanding from LHC detector concepts:
See with Werner about detector
B=6 T, 12 m bore, solenoid with shielding coil and 2 dipoles 10 Tm.
Length 64 m, diam. 30 m, magnet 7000 tons, stored energy 50 GJ

20. SC links for circuit powering
MgB2 industrial conductor, He gas cooled
Example HL-LHC (Itot up to  K)
All circuits in single cryostat – compact & efficient
2x20 24 K
2x20 m long CERN cable
See with Werner about detector

21. FCC International Collaboration
88 institutes
28 countries + EC
Status: August, 2016

22. Strengthen Europe Showcases for leading industries
In-field training
Showcases for leading industries
Opportunities for SMEs
Visibility for National Institutes
Higher Education
Focus of world-wide research
CERN, 30th September 2015
M. Benedikt

23. Progress with Industry
Reduced size of ion-sources and accelerators for radionuclide pro-duction and ion therapy
Affordable, compact Nuclear Magnetic Resonance analysis
Higher reliability and reduced cost for accelerators, complex structures in automotive, energy and aero-space at lower price and lower maintenance needs
Open tools to assess cost versus gain of RAMS measures, open access reliability databases, direct application in automotive, public transport, oil & gas industries
Durable compressors for natural gas and subsea, high efficiency hydrogen liquefaction, more compact superconducting devices (NMR, MRI)
CERN, 30th September 2015
M. Benedikt

24. Future Circular Collider
Reliability & Availability
Future Circular Collider
Methods & Tools
For Analysis
Training of equipment experts
Analysis of existing systems, scaling
Large scale research and technical infrastructure
conceptual design study 2014 – 2019
Design recommendations
Driven by international contributions
Establish long-term liaisons with industry
Strengthen long-term attractiveness of Europe
as leading large-scale research location
CERN, 30th September 2015
M. Benedikt