1. The Industrial Revolution
A gradual, fundamental change in the way goods were produced and distributed: development of factories brought about by the introduction of machinery
Completely altered the economic, social and political structure of the world between
Fact: The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain in the mid 1700s.
WHY ENGLAND?

2. 1. Political Stability
No inner turmoil since end of English Civil War (Glorious Rev. 1689)
No Revolutions
Never lost to Napoleon like other nations
Tradition of limited monarchy, people feel like they have a say in the govt.

3. 2. Proximity to Water/Irregular coastline
Natural ports & harbors
Many rivers: 1st Factories- Water Power
No city more than 70 miles from the Sea
Great access to trade routes

4. 3. An abundance of natural resources (coal & iron)
Necessary for industrialization
Power Source for first factories
Used to construct
machines
buildings
infrastructure

5. 4. Laissez Faire Capitalism
$- Profit
No Govt Intervention
Adam Smith
Inc. trade
Free market, Invisible hand
Supply & Demand
Enlightenment!!!!

6. 5. Enclosure Acts (1760) Fencing off public lands for private use
Rich landowners gained power

7. 6. Growth of the Middle Class
Rise of the bourgeoisie
Money to spend on luxury items

8. The Agrarian Revolution
Change in the methods of farming using more efficient and effective tools
Prerequisite for Industrial Revolution
New inventions in farming technology
Allowed for more food to be grown
Led to population growth
Crop rotation, cast-iron heavy plow, mechanical reaper and artificial fertilizers
The seed drill- Jethro Tull

9. The Domestic System System of producing goods in homes by families
Sold by traveling merchants
Good quality, low quantity, high price

10. Change
Domestic System
Factory System

11. Factory System
All the factors of production would be contained under one roof - a factory
Factors of production- Labor, capital (money), raw materials
Allowed for mass production

12. The Textile (clothing) Industry
First industry that was mechanized
Spinning Jenny, invented by James Hargreaves created a more efficient way to spin threads
Richard Arkwright invented a water frame, a spinning machine that ran on water power

13. Edmund Cartwright developed power loom that could weave threads at a much quicker pace
American inventor Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin (1793), which separated the seeds from cotton fibers mechanically, instead of by hand
Textile industry boomed as a result

14. A Turning Point 1760 James Watt invented the steam engine
Factories could be built anywhere, not just near water
Trains & boats could now be powered by steam
Steam engine was the catalyst invention of the Industrial Revolution