1. Chapter 5: Colonial Society
Pre-Revolution

2. Population Growth 1700- 300,000 people
million (800k made up of immigrants and slaves)
:1(english: colonist)
:1 ( english: colonist)

3. Cities Only 4 major cities in the Colonies Philadelphia New York
Boston
Charleston

4. Diversity Most diverse in the world. (still all white people)
Of the 56 signers of the Declaration of Independence , 18 were non- English and 8 were not born in the colonies.

5. Mixed Colonies
These colonies are a mix of different people of different European countries.
Germans, Dutch, Africans, Irish, Scots-Irish, Scottish,English

6. Scots-Irish Group wasn’t well-thought of, Rough frontiersmen.
Paxton Boys- 1764, Rebelling against Quakers’ Native American policy
Regulators Movement- Pro-western movement

7. Social Change
-The colonies gave many people the ability to jump to a better social class.
-New England merchants gain power from supplying war materials.
-Southern Planters continuing to gain more slaves/wealth

8. Hierarchy of Jobs Ministry- educated, powerful
Physicians- poorly trained, Small Pox (1721)
Lawyers- Not a large need at first, troublemakers

9. Economy
Agriculture is top industry- Tobacco in the South, Wheat in the Middle colonies.
Fishing- Profitable for the New England Colonies. Leads to shipbuilding
Commercial trade- shipping goods from place to place

10. Slave Trade - Colonists tried to limit the importation of slaves.
- Wanted to limit the number of resentful slaves
- England didn’t want to eliminate the trade.

11. Slavery Protected
Slavery was first legally protected in Massachusetts.
Laws were created all across the colonies to protect the institution.
Laws shape an environment of racial superiority between White Colonists and enslaved Africans.

13. Trade with France Most tobacco goes to France.
Lots of timber goes to the French West Indies
Foodstuffs( wheat and other food)
Trade’s purpose is to acquire the cash to buy British goods

14. Molasses Act
Limiting the trade of sugar and other goods to the French West Indies (1733)
Another early example of the King restricting the colonists.
Leads to more smuggling

15. Internal Travel
Roads are limited and do not connect( no highway system)
Safest travel was by river. Post service(1750’s)
Taverns spring up along the roads and rivers. These become places to discuss ideas

16. The Two Churches
Two state supported churches. Anglican (Church of England) and Congregationalists(Puritans)
Anglicans were in the South
Congregationalists were in New England

17. Religious Breakdown MA, CT, NH- Congregationalist
MD,VA,NC,SC,GA - Anglican
NJ,RI,DE,PA- No Official Church

18. Anglicans Much more relaxed. Not as intense. Accepted fun more.
Colleges come around to train clergy. Anglicans have to go to England to be ordained.
This Church remains loyal to Crown

19. Congregationalists Sermons are severe
Colleges created to train clergy.
Very pro-revolution

20. The Great Awakening Emotional revival of religion is the Colonies
Arminianism- A person’s free will, not predestination, will save them.
Slowly leads to change in the colonial Churches

21. The Awakening (contd) 1730’s and 40’s- Nationwide Mass Movement.
Northampton, MA- Jonathan Edwards “Sinners in the hands of an angry God”
George Whitfield- traveled all over, orator and preacher

22. Old/New Lights Old Lights- the Orthodox Clergy
New Lights- revitalizers (Edwards, Whitfield)
Awakening left a cultural mark- Direct, Emotional delivery.
Begin to question authority of leadership in Gov’t

23. College Education Primarily to train the clergy in the beginning.
Focused on knowing the faith and the classical languages( Latin and Greek)
Harvard, W and M, Yale, Princeton, Penn, Columbia, Brown, Rutgers, Dartmouth

24. Literature First best seller in the Colonies: Poor Richard’s Almanack
Published by Ben Franklin. Becomes the second most popular book in colonies
“Penny saved…” “Early to bed…”

25. Printing Press Ben Franklin starts the first lending library
Presses crank out (about 40 by 1700’s) newspapers, pamphlets, journals
Colonists are avid readers. Papers help spread revolutionary ideas.

26. Zenger Trial 1734
John Peter Zenger- News Publisher, sued for libel by New York’s governor.
Zenger published the truth. Jury told to ignore the truth or false of the statements.
The fact that he published the statements means that he can be convicted.

27. Zenger Trial part 2 Jury finds Zenger innocent.
Sets a precedent for the Freedom of the Press.
Truth as defense against Libel.
Jury Nullification.

28. Voting requirements Varied from state to state
Property/religious qualifications to vote. Stricter requirements to hold office
About half could vote. Many People didn’t, let their “betters” decide.

29. Enlightenment
Period of time during the 1700’s, philosophy takes a step towards using mental reasoning and logic to solve issues of the world.
Americans will be shaped by the philosophy of Locke, Montesquieu.

30. Natural Rights
Natural rights- people are entitled to have rights based on the fact that they are human.
The State is supreme but, sovereignty is with the people.
3 Branches of Government- Judicial, Executive, Legislative

31. Social Activities South- cards, dances, horse racing, stage plays
North- religious lectures
Lotteries were accepted way to make money.