1. CARTILAGE and bone m.sc.sarah ahmed
انسجة عملي / د . سارة ( م 4 - 5)
ثاني اسنان موصل
9/ 12 / 2015
CARTILAGE and bone m.sc.sarah ahmed

2. PERICHONDRIUM
is a layer of dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds the cartilage.
No blood vessels or nerves
It consists of two separate layers: an outer fibrous layer and inner chondrogenic layer.
Present in most of the hyaline & elastic cartilage
Absent in fibrocartilage
Fibrous layer
Cellular layer

4. CHONDROBLAST
cells that develop from the mesenchymal and form cartilage
Progenitor of chondrocytes
Lines border between perichondrium and matrix

6. CHONDROCYTE Mature cartilage cell Reside in a space called the lacuna
Isogenous cell group

7. TYPES OF CARTILAGE
HYALINE
ELASTIC
FIBROUS

8. Figure 4.8g Connective tissues.
(g) Cartilage: hyaline
Description: Amorphous but firm
matrix; collagen fibers form an
imperceptible network; chondroblasts
produce the matrix and when mature
(chondrocytes) lie in lacunae.
Function: Supports and reinforces;
has resilient cushioning properties;
resists compressive stress.
Location: Forms most of the
embryonic skeleton; covers the ends
of long bones in joint cavities; forms
costal cartilages of the ribs; cartilages
of the nose, trachea, and larynx.
Chondrocyte
in lacuna
Matrix
Costal
cartilages
Photomicrograph: Hyaline cartilage from the
trachea (750x).

9. HYALINE CARTILAGE

10. Figure 4.8h Connective tissues.
(h) Cartilage: elastic
Description: Similar to hyaline
cartilage, but more elastic fibers
in matrix.
Function: Maintains the shape
of a structure while allowing
great flexibility.
Chondrocyte
in lacuna
Location: Supports the external
ear (pinna); epiglottis.
Matrix
Photomicrograph: Elastic cartilage from
the human ear pinna; forms the flexible
skeleton of the ear (800x).

12. Figure 4.8i Connective tissues.
(i) Cartilage: fibrocartilage
Description: Matrix similar to
but less firm than that in hyaline
cartilage; thick collagen fibers
predominate.
Function: Tensile strength
with the ability to absorb
compressive shock.
Location: Intervertebral discs;
pubic symphysis; discs of knee
joint.
Chondrocytes
in lacunae
Intervertebral
discs
Collagen
fiber
Photomicrograph: Fibrocartilage of an
intervertebral disc (125x). Special staining
produced the blue color seen.

14. : fibrocartilage

15. Histology of Compact Bone
Osteon – the structural unit of compact bone
Lamellae – matrix tubes composed of collagen and crystals of bone salts
Central canal - (Haversian canal) canal containing blood vessels and nerves

16. Histology of Compact Bone
Lacunae - cavities in bone containing osteocytes
Canaliculi - hairlike canals that connect lacunae to each other and the central canal
Perforating canal (Volkmann’s) – channels lying at right angles to the central canal, connecting blood and nerve supply of the periosteum to the central canal (interconnecting the Haversian canals with each other and the periosteum). )

17. Cells in Bone Osteoprogenitor cells – precursors to osteoblasts
Osteocytes - mature bone cells between lamellae
Osteoclasts - bone-destroying cells, break down bone matrix for remodeling and release of calcium
Osteoblasts - bone-forming cells
Responsible for osteogenesis (new bone)

18. The Structure of Spongy Bone
No osteons
Lamellae as trabeculae
plates of bone
Branching network of bony tissue
Strong in many directions
Red marrow (blood forming) spaces

19. Short, Irregular, and Flat Bones
Plates of periosteum- covered compact bone on the outside with endosteum-covered spongy bone, on the inside
Have no diaphysis or epiphyses
Contain bone marrow between the trabeculae