1. Tissues, Part 2: Connective Tissue
Chapter 4
Introduction to the Human Body

2. Characteristics Connective Tissue Characteristics 6 main cell types:
Fibroblasts
Macrophages
Mast cells
Adipocytes
Chondrocytes
Osteoblasts

3. Characteristics Made of cells and matrix - products between cells.
Ground substance
Protein fibers
Internal location
Innervated (except cartilage)
Vascular (except cartilage & tendons)

4. Matrix Extracellular Fluid (ECF) Protein fibers
Interstitial fluid is fluid between cells in CT.
Plasma is ECF in blood.
Lymph is ECF in lymphatic system.
Protein fibers
Collagen
Elastin
Reticular

5. Figure 4.01 Representative Cells and Fibers Present in Connective Tissues

6. Warm Up #1 Create a non-biological analogy for: Fibroblasts
Macrophages
Mast cells
Matrix
Reticular fibers
Collagen fibers
Elastin fibers

7. Functions Functions Connection: ligaments & tendons Support: skeleton
Protection: skull & ribs; adipose
Transport: blood
Storage of energy: adipose (fat)
Storage of minerals: bones
Movement: joints
Immunity: WBC’s
Body contour: adipose
Insulation: adipose

8. Loose CT Types of CT Loose CT: contains many loosely connected fibers
Areolar - highly vascular subcutaneous tissue.
Adipose - fatty tissue.
Reticular - framework of soft organs, bone marrow, and forms the basement membrane. Acts like a filter in the spleen and lymph nodes. Contains reticular fibers.

9. Loose CT: Areolar

10. Loose CT: Adipose

11. Loose CT: Reticular

12. Dense CT Dense CT: contains many dense protein fibers
Dense Regular – collagen fibers organized in regular line pattern; fibroblasts between fibers
Dense Irregular – collagen fibers in all directions with fibroblasts.
Elastic - made of collagen and elastin fibers and fibroblasts

13. Dense CT: Regular

14. Dense CT: Irregular

15. Dense CT: Elastic

16. Warm Up #2 Write a non-biological analogy for the FUNCTIONS of:
Areolar CT
Reticular CT
Adipose CT
Dense Regular CT
Dense Irregular CT
Dense Elastic CT

17. Cartilage
Cartilage – strong, flexible tissue. Mostly rubbery, gel matrix with few cells. Avascular & non-innervated.
Hyaline - Chondrocytes with gel as ground substance.
Fibrocartilage – Chondrocytes with gel and collagen fibers as matrix.
Elastic – Chondrocytes with gel and elastin protein fibers in the matrix. Moves & maintains shape.

18. Cartilage: Hyaline

19. Hyaline

20. Cartilage: Fibrocartilage

21. Fibrocartilage

22. Cartilage: Elastic

23. Elastic Cartilage

24. Bone and Blood Tissue Osseous tissue Blood tissue Bone tissue.
Cells surrounded by a solid mineral & protein matrix.
Blood tissue
RBCs, WBCs, & Platelets
Plasma or Lymph = liquid matrix

25. Osseous Tissue

26. Osseous Tissue

27. Blood Tissue

28. Blood

29. Review Review of Connective Tissue
Matrix: Lots of it; determines function of the tissue.
Cells: Produce and support matrix
CT is diverse – many different structures & functions
5 types: Loose, dense, cartilage, osseous, and blood