1. Government engineering college ramgarh
PRESENTATION ON
OPTICAL COMPUTING
Mr. Subhajit Paul
Assistant professor
Ece department
PRESENTED BY
Government engineering college ramgarh

2. CONTENT INTRODUCTION WHAT IS THE OPTICAL COMPUTING?
WHY WE NEED OPTICAL COMPUTER?
COMPONENTS FOR COMPUTING
VCSEL(Vertical cavity surface emitting diode)
VCSEL & PHOTODIODE
SMART PIXEL TECHNOLOGY
WDM(Wavelength division multiplexing)
SLM(Spatial light modulators)
ROLE OF NLO
ADVANCES IN PHOTONIC SWITCH
OPTICAL AND GATE
OPTICAL NAND GATE
OPTICAL MEMORY
INTERCONNECTIONS IN OPTICAL COMPUTING
APPLICATION
MERITS
LIMITATION
SOME CURRENT RESEARCH
FUTURE TRENDS
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES

3. INTRODUCTION
With the growth of computing technology the need of high performance computers(HPC) has significantly increased.Optics has been used in computing for a number of years but the main emphasis has been and continues to be to link portions of computers for communication,or more intrinsically in devices that have some optical application or component(optical pattern recognition etc).

4. WHAT IS THE OPTICAL COMPUTING?
Consider
Electronic
To Photonic
Converter
.txt format
Fiber optic cables
Optical Computers perform computations, operate, store and transmit data using only light.

5. WHY WE NEED OPTICAL COMPUTERS
Traditional silicon circuits have a physical limit.
Much faster in operation
Require less space to store data

6. COMPONENTS FOR COMPUTING
VCSEL (Vertical cavity surface emiting laser).
SLM (Spatial light modulators).
SPT (Smart pixel technology).
WDM (Wave length division multiplexing).

7. VCSEL(Vertical cavity surface emitting diode)
VCSEL is a semiconductor vertical cavity surface emitting laser diode that emits light in a cylindrical beam vertically from the surface of a fabricated wafer.

8. VCSEL & PHOTODIODE

9. SLM(Spatial light modulators)
SLM play an important role in several technical areas where the control of light on a pixel-by-pixel basis is a key element, such as optical processing and displays. For display purposes the desire is to have as many pixels as possible in as small and cheap a device as possible.

10. SMART PIXEL TECHNOLOGY
Smart pixel technology is a relatively new approach to integrating electronic circuitry and optoelectronic devices in a common framework. The purpose is to leverage the advantages of each individual technology and provide improved performance for specific applications.

11. WDM(Wavelength division multiplexing)
Wavelength division multiplexing is a method of sending many different wavelengths down the same optical fiber.

12. ROLE OF NLO Interact with light High nonlinearity
Flexibility of molecular design
Damage resistance to optical radiation

13. ADVANCES IN PHOTONIC SWITCH
Optical logic gate is a switch that controls
one light beam by another
ON when the device transmits light
OFF when it blocks the light
Optical NAND and AND gates are now available

14. OPTICAL AND GATE

15. OPTICAL NAND GATE

16. OPTICAL MEMORY Two types - arrays of one bit elements & mass storage
High capacity, high storage density and faster readouts
SLM used to write data into optical storage
medium at high speeds
Implemented by optical disk or holographic
storage system

17. INTERCONNECTIONS IN OPTICAL COMPUTING
Fiber optic cables and optical transceivers are widely used.
Application of optical communications like fiber channel and computer networking are already being used.
Chip to chip and on chip interconnection possibilities are still being examined.

18. APPLICATION High speed communications .
Optical crossbar interconnects are used in asynchronous transfer modes and shared memory multiprocessor systems.
Process satellite data.
Storage area network.

19. MERITS Optimized storage Faster processing
Super-fast database searches
No heat dissipation
No short circuits
Light beams can travel in parallel
Remove bottleneck

20. LIMITATION Today’s materials require much high power.
Any imperfection or dust on optical computing may cause error.

21. SOME CURRENT RESEARCH
High performance computing has gained momentum in recent years ,with efforts to optimize all the resources of electronic computing and researcher brain power in order to increase computing throughput. Optical computing is atopic of current support in many places , with private companies as well as governments in several countries encouraging such research work.

22. FUTURE TRENDS

23. CONCLUSION
Research in optical computing has opened new possibilities in several fields related to high performance computing. As optoelectronic and smart pixel devices mature,software development will have a major impact in future.

24. REFERENCES 1.
2. Debabrata Goswami , “ article on optical computing, optical components and storage systems,” Resonance- Journal of science education pp:56-71 July 2003 
 3. Hossin Abdeldayem,Donald. O.Frazier, Mark.S.Paley and William.K, “Recent advances in photonic devices for optical computing,” science.nasa.gov Nov 2001
 4. Mc Aulay,Alastair.D , “Optical computer architectures and the application of optical concepts to next generation computers”
 5. John M Senior , “Optical fiber communications –principles and practice”
 6. Mitsuo Fukuda “Optical semiconductor devices”

25. THANK
YOU