1. Programming with
C# and .NET

2. Outline 1
Demo
.NET introduction
C# Programming 2 3
.NET Remoting 4

3. Programming with
C# and .NET
Demo

4. The Basic Idea C# is the programming language that I
am long waiting for, because my bad
MFC experience.
Question: How to use C# to do
Image Processing
OpenGL Programming(3D Graphics)
DirectX Programming
SEE DEMO

5. Programming with
C# and .NET
.NET

6. Major Components CLR Common Language Runtime a runtime environment
concept similar to JVM
FCL
Framework Class Library
built on top of the CLR
provide services for modern applications

7. Windows Operating System (Windows ME, 98, 2000, XP etc)
.NET Framework Overview
Applications written in J# .NET, VB .NET, or C#
CLR
FCL
Windows Operating System (Windows ME, 98, 2000, XP etc)
Windows API

8. MSIL Microsoft Intermediate Language
a CPU independent set of instructions
.NET compliant language compile into
MSIL
similar to Java Byte Code
sometimes abbreviated as IL

9. .NET Visual J# .NET C# VB .NET Compile into MSIL MSIL CLR do this
Linux native code
Windows native code
Mac OS native code
Will Support soon
Support now
Will Support soon

10. Java Java Java Byte Code JVM do this Linux native code
Windows native code
Mac OS native code

11. .NET Compliant Languages
Any language that can be compiled into
MSIL is called a .NET compliant language
APL, Pascal, Perl, Python, Scheme, Eiffel,
Fortran, Java, Jscript, Haskell, COBAL,
RPG, APL, Smalltalk, Component Pascal,
Curriculum, Mercury, Oberon, Oz, VB .NET
, C#, Visual C++ .NET, Visual J# .NET, …

12. MSIL Advantages Portability between OS Language Interoperability
.NET compliant language are all compiled into
MSIL (portable between OS) and can be further
compiled into native OS machine codes by CLR
Language Interoperability
Different languages can communicated easily
MSIL codes from different languages can be
linked together to form a program

13. Interoperability Visual J# .NET C# VB .NET Compile into MSIL MSIL MSIL
linked the MSIL codes
CLR generated a single application (native code)
Windows native code

14. Language Interoperability
Rules defined in
Common Type System (CTS)
Common Language Specification (CLS)
Cross-language development
Cross-language Debugging
Cross-language Exception Handling
Cross-language Inheritance

15. Common Type System (CTS)
To unify the data types
Common data types play an important role in
language interoperability
Types can be of two types
Value Type
Reference Type

16. .NET vs. Java Runtime environment Intermediate Code Support .NET  CLR
Java  JVM
Intermediate Code
.NET  MSIL
Java  Java Byte Code
Support
.NET  Multiple Languages, Multiple Platform
Java  Single Language, Multiple Platform

17. CLR Load and execute the C # program Compile the MSIL into native code
use Just-in-Time (JIT) compilers
Garbage Collection
use Garbage Collector (GC)
Security Management
Exception Handling

18. Managed vs. Unmanaged Code
executed under the control of CLR, and use
the .NET Framework libraries.
Unmanaged Code
does not execute under the CLR
It is possible for managed and unmanaged
code to work together

19. FCL concept similar to MFC for Windows programming
FCL classes are grouped by namespaces and
exported by assemblies
namespace similar to Java package
assembly similar to .dll

20. FCL Some Namespaces in FCL (has hierarchy) System System.IO
System.Windows.Forms
System.Drawing
Example:
System.Windows.Forms is located in
System.Windows.Forms.dll

21. CLR vs. CLI CLI (Common Language Infrastructure) your own CLR
CLI is the rule
CLR is the implementation
your own CLR
You can implement your own CLR according
the CLI

22. MSIL vs. CIL CIL (Common Intermediate Language) MSIL vs. CIL
CIL is the rule
MSIL is the implementation
your own IL
You can implement your own IL according
the CIL

23. Web Services ASP .NET .NET Remoting host on IIS server
can host on any type of applications

24. Windows Programming so easy!
Programming with
C# and .NET
Windows Programming so easy! C#

25. Anders Hejlsberg Creator of C# Turbo Pascal Delphi
Anders studied engineering at the Technical
University of Denmark, previously worked for
Borland, now works for Microsoft.

26. Special features Properties Indexers Delegates and Events
Operator Overloading
Reflection
Attributes
Formatting
Regular Expression

27. Miscellaneous features
Pointer
Miscellaneous features
jagged array
foreach loop
Runtime type identification (RTTI)
goto
structure (not the same with C/C++)

28. Start Programming

29. 1. Simple Console Program
link
Visual Studio .NET IDE introduction
C# program overview
System.Console.WriteLine(…);
Build and Run C# program
namespace
method
class

36. 2. Rapid Application Development
link
2. Rapid Application Development
RAD like Visual Basic and Borland C++
Builder
concise syntax as Java
event-driven programming style

46. 3. Use Assembly classes may be compiled into .exe or .dll,
link
classes may be compiled into .exe or .dll,
such files are called assemblies and are the
packaging units of C#
An assembly is composed of four sections
manifest
type matadata
program code (in MSIL format)
resources used by the program

47. Resources used by the program
Manifest
contain information about the assembly itself
Type matadata
information about the data types used by the
program
Program Code
stored in MSIL format
Resources used by the program
such as .bmp or .jpg files

52. 4. Namespaces Namespace prevent name conflicts A namespace can be
split over several files
separated within the same files
Namespaces can be nested

53. Example 1
A namespace split over several files
link

55. Example 2
Namespaces Prevent Name Conflicts
link
The same class name
The same method name

56. Example 3
Namespaces Can Be Nested
link

58. 5. Properties Question: How do you access private data in Java?
Properties provide the illusion that we
can use private data directly

59. example:
Property

60. Example 1
link

61. 6. Indexers An indexer allows an object to be indexed like an array
example:

62. Example 1
link

63. set
get

64. 7. Delegate & Event A delegate is an object that can refer to a method
A delegate can invoke
instance method associated with an object
static method associated with a class
A delegate is similar to a function pointer in C/C++
A delegate supports Multicasting

65. An object that has an interest in an event registers an handler for that event
When the event occurs, all registered handlers are called.
Event handlers are represented by delegate.
You can use event accessors to change the way the event handlers are add to or remove from the invocation list

66. Example 1
Call instance method
link

67. Instance method

68. Example 2
Call class static method
link

69. class static method

70. Example 3
Delegate supports multicasting
link

73. Example 4
Simple Event & Delegate Demo
link
Class static method
Delegate

74. 8. RTTI
Runtime type identification(RTTI) allows the type of an object to be determined during program execution.
There are three keywords support RTTI is as
typeof

75. Example 1
RTTI Demo
link

77. 9. Reflection System.Type is at the core of the reflection sub-system
Remember
using System.Reflection;
Several commonly used methods defined by Type
ConstructorInfo[ ] GetConstructors( )
EventInfo[ ] GetEvents
FieldInfo[ ] GetFields

78. MethodInfo[ ] GetMethods()
MemberInfo[ ] Getmembers()
MethodInfo[ ] GetMethods()
PropertyInfo[ ] GetProperties()

79. Example 1
Obtain class method
link

80. Example 2
Obtain class constructor
link

81. Example 3
Obtain Types from Assemblies
link
MyClass.cs
Compile the MyClass.cs into a MyClass.dll, you need to
1. Locate the csc.exe, and set the path
2. csc /t:library MyClass.cs

84. Example 4
How to create and use a DLL with MS Visual Studio .NET
link
Step 1

85. 2 1 3
No Main()

86. Step 2 2 1

87. 10. Pointer Enable C# to use C/C++ high-performance, systems code
Code must be marked as unsafe
unsafe code does not execute under the full
management of the CLR
When a pointer points to a managed variable,
it must use fixed to prevented the variable
from being moved by the garbage collector.

88. Example 1
Simple pointer demo
link

89. Right-click the mouse 1 3 4 2

90. t should be fixed in one location while p was point to &t.num
Example 2
Using fixed
link
t should be fixed in one location while p was point to &t.num
Managed object

91. 11. The object class base class of all C# classes
object is just another name for System.Object
used in Boxing & Unboxing
Boxing : an object reference refers to a value type
Unboxing : retrieve a value from a object
as a Generic Data type

92. Example 1
Boxing and Unboxing
link

93. Example 2
object as a generic data type
link

94. 12. ref & out parameter passing
Value Type : pass by value
Reference Type : pass by reference
ref & out let you pass value type by reference

95. Example 1
ref & out
link

96. Example 2
swap with ref
link

97. 13. Inheritance
a derived class inherits all of the variables, methods, properties, and indexers defined by the base class and add its own unique elements.
Three major topics when using inheritance
Data
Constructor
Methods
Polymorphism

98. Example 1
Access bass class’s private data through properties
link

99. Example 2
Calling Base Class Constructor
link

101. Example 3
Inheritance and Name Hiding
link

103. Example 4
Using base to access a hidden item
link

104. Example 5
Virtual Methods and Overriding (polymorphism and dynamic binding)
link

107. Example 6
Using sealed to prevent inheritance
link

109. 14. Interface No data members No constructors, destructors
Not allow static member
Class members have no implementation
Many classes can implement the same
interface
When a class implements an interface, the
class must implement the entire interface.

110. Class can implement more than one inter-
face. The interfaces are separated with a
comma.
A class can inherit a base class and also
implement one or more interface. In this case,
the name of the base class must come first.
The method that implement an interface must
be declared public.
Interface can be inherited

111. Example 1
Interface Properties
link

112. Example 2
Interface Indexers
link

114. Example 3
Interface can be inherited
link

115. Example 4
Interface Polymorphism
link

116. 15. Structures A structure is similar to a class, but it is of
value type.
cannot inherit or be a base for other struc-
tures or class (but it inherit object)
can implement one or more interface
can define constructors, but not destructors

117. However, you cannot define a default const-
ructor (no parameters)
can be created using new or performed the in-
itialization manually.
a struct was accessed directly, not through
reference variable, so it saved space and got
more efficiency.

118. Example 1
Structure Demo
link

120. Programming with
C# and .NET
.NET Remoting

121. Outline 1
Introduction
Basic Architecture
Examples 2 3
Conclusion 4

122. Introduction

123. 1. Basic Model Client Server Proxy 1 Remote Object 9 2 8 3 Formatter7 4 6
Client Channel
Server Channel 5

124. 2. Calling Procedure
Client Side
client called the proxy. For the client, the proxy looks like the real object with the same public methods. 1
When the methods of the proxy are called, messages will be created. 2
The messages are serialized using a formatter class, and are sent into a client channel. 3 4

125. The client channel communicates with the server channel to transfer the message across the network.5
Server Side
The server channel sends the serialized data to a formatter. 6
The formatter deserialized the message. 7
The deserialized messages are then dispatched to the remote object. 8

126. 3. Configuration Option SingleCall Well-known Singleton Remote Objct
Client-activated

127. Binary
Formatter
SOAP
HTTP
Channel
TCP

128. 4. Related Technology
DCOM 1 2
Java RMI 3
CORBA

129. Architecture & Examples

130. Architecture Overview
Remote Objects
Well-known: SingleCall vs. Singleton
Client-activated
Activation
Server-activated object (SAO)
Client-activated object (CAO)
Channel
TCP
HTTP

131. Formatter Proxy Marshaling Binary SOAP Transparent Real
Marshal-by-value (MBV)
Marshal-by-reference (MBR)

132. Lease-Base Lifetime lease.RenewOnCallTime sponsor.RenewalTime
Lease machanism is for long-lived objects
Well-known singleton
Client-activated
SingleCall types do not participate in the lifetime lease system.

133. 1. SingleCall
Client
Server
Remote object
Remote object
Remote object

134. Did not cause the server to create a remote object
each method call caused the server to create a new remote object

135. Server ??

136. Every remote method call will create a
new remote object on the server
SingleCall types do not participate in the
lifetime lease system
remote objects will automatically be
garbage collected after the call complete
useful when objects are required to do a
finite amount of work

137. Example 1
programmatic configuration
link

138. Assembly
Endpoint

140. Example 2
with configuration file
link

145. 2. Singleton
Client
Server
Remote object

146. Did not cause the server to create a remote object
A remote object was created for the first method call.
All of the clients will share the same remote object.

147. Server

148. The first remote method call will create a
remote object on the server
Multiple clients be serviced by only one
remote object
be careful about the concurrency and data
protection problem
use lease-based lifetime mechanism

149. 3. Client-activated
Client
Server
Remote object

150. Cause the server to create a remote object
Did not create any more remote object

151. Server

152. Example 1
programmatic configuration
link

154. RemoteObject Constructor Argument

155. Example 2
with configuration file
link

160. 4. Lease-Based Lifetime Long-lived remote objects use lease
machanism for their objects lifetime
Two ways to extend the lifetime
Clients make remote method calls
use a sponsor
When the leasing time is expired, the sponsor
is asked if it extends the lease.

161. A value is defined with RenewOnCallTime
to extend the leasing time when client calls
the method of the remote object
The ISponsor interface defines the method
Renewal( )
The class ClientSponsor provides a default
implementation for ISponsor interface.

162. If (CurrentLeaseTime >= RenewOnCallTime) {//Do nothing}
Client
Server
Remote object
RenewOnCallTime
CurrentLeaseTime
If (CurrentLeaseTime >= RenewOnCallTime) {//Do nothing}
else {CurrentLeaseTime= RenewOnCallTime;}

163. Client-activated Client Server Remote object Cause a exception
Leasing time expired
Cause a exception

165. Well-known singleton Server Client Remote object Remote object
Leasing time expired
Remote object
Create a new remote object

167. Example 1
CAO lease.RenewOnCallTime
link

168. Example 2
sponsor
link

170. 5. Marshal-By-Value
Client
Server a a

171. Marshaling means converting the object in
order to send it across the network (or
across processes or application domains)
With MBV the object is serialized into the
channel, and a copy of the object is created
on the other side of the network
The class must be marked with the attribute
[Serializable]

172. Example 1
return object with MBV
link

174. Client side

175. 6. Marshal-By-Reference
Client
Server a
proxy

176. MBR creates a proxy on the client that is
used to communicate with the remote
object
The class must derived from
MarshalByRefObject

177. Example 1
return object with MBR
link

179. Server side

180. Conclusion

181. Conclusion
.NET Remoting is built on a layered model, with each layer replaceable by custom code created by a developer. Therefore, new messaging, transport, and communication protocols can be implemented and plugged in as needed. Thus we can apply it to our distributed or web service system with least difficulties and at the same time have higher performance or interoperability than other technology can provide.