1. Processes Within the cell
7th grade science

2. Photosynthesis
The process by which a cell captures the energy in sunlight and uses it to make food
Happens in two different stages
Energy from the sun, carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and sugar (glucose)
6CO H2O  6O C6H12O6

3. Stage 1 Called the Light Reaction.
Happens in the leaves and other green parts of the plant.
Chlorophyll – green pigment that captures light.

4. Stage 2 Called the Dark Reaction
Happens deep in the plants, where the energy is used to make the sugar
Water and Carbon Dioxide undergo complex reactions to make sugar.

5. Diagram of a Leaf

6. Stomata
Opening in the leaf that allow the cells to have access to the air.
Guard Cells – control how open the stomata are.
If the plant is losing too much water, guard cells close the stomata
If the plant has enough water, guard cells open the stomata

7. Guard Cells

8. Photosynthesis and Life
Autotroph – an organism that can make it’s own food.
Ex: Plants, some Bacteria, some Protists
Heterotroph – An organism that cannot make its own food.
Ex: Animals, Fungi, some Bacteria, Some Protists

9. Photosynthesis and Life (2)

10. Homework
Page 54 1 – 4

11. Respiration
Cells break down simple food molecules such as glucose and release energy they contain.
Two different types of respiration
Anaerobic and Aerobic
The opposite process of photosynthesis

12. Aerobic Respiration 6O2 + C6H12O6  6CO2 + 6H2O
ATP = the energy molecule that is created
Happens in two stages
First stage happens in the cytoplasm
Glucose is broken down into 2 smaller molecules
Takes 2 ATP to start
Produces 4 ATP total
Nets 2ATP

13. Aerobic Respiration (2)
Stage 2
Happens in the mitochondria
Oxygen is NEEDED
Release of ENERGY IS HUGE!!!!!!! 30 – 34 ATP!!!!! (depends on what book you read)
Total ATP created 32 – 36!!!!!!!
Carbon Dioxide and Water are created as waste.

15. Anaerobic Respiration
Also known as Fermentation
Provides energy for cells without using oxygen.
2 types!!!!!1!!1!11111!!11!oneoneoneeleventyoneoneoneonhundredeleven!!!111!1!1!11 (again…. C’mon now.)

16. Lactic-Acid Fermentation
Takes place in the human body.
Happens when your muscles don’t get enough oxygen.
Lactic Acid builds up in your muscles making them feel sore and weak.

17. Alcoholic Fermentation
Yeast and other single-celled organisms
Alcohol is what is produced from this form of fermentation
Used in:
Baking
Ginger Ale
Root Beer
Alcoholic beverages
The Carbon Dioxide produced is what makes beer bubbly, and what raises bread when it’s baked

18. Homework
No homework tonight… (I’ll be nice.. For once.) ASK ME IF THERE IS HOMEWORK and you will get it!