1. Kingdom Protista

2. Characteristics of Kingdom Protista
Very diverse.
Eukaryotic.
Mostly unicellular.
Appeared about 1.5 bya.
Formed by endosymbiosis.

3. Classification of Protists
Animal like protists
Zooflagellates
Sarcodines
Ciliates
Sporozoans

4. Classification of Protists
Plant Like Protists
Unicellular
Euglenophytes
Chrysophytes
Diatoms
Dinoflagellates
Multicellular
Red Algae
Green Algae
Brown Algae

5. Classification, con’t
Fungus like Protists
Slime molds
Water molds

6. Zooflagellates Swim using flagella. Absorb food through cell membrane.
Asexual (most) and sexual (some).

7. Sarcodines
Click to See Amoeba in Motion
Move and eat by PSEUDOPODIA – false feet – cytoplasm projections.
Ameobas are best known.
Form food vacuoles.
Reproduce by mitosis and cytokinesis.
Foramnifera – secrete shells of CaCO3
White Cliffs of Dover

8. Ciliates Move with hair like projections called cilia.
Click to see stalked ciliate
Move with hair like projections called cilia.
Also use cilia for feeding – sweep food particles into the gullet which are then incorporated into food vacuoles.
Use trichocysts for defense.
Contractile vacuole – a way to maintain homeostasis.
Macronuclei and micronuclei.
Reproduce by conjugation and then mitosis.
Click to compare flagella and cilia

9. Sporozoans Do not move on their own. Parasitic. Complex life cycles.
Malaria has a vector – Anopheles mosquito.
Plasmodium – a sporozoan in
Blood – causes MALARIA

10. Other Protozoa Diseases
Trypanosome – African Sleeping Sickness, a zooflagellate – vector is tsetse fly.
Amoeba (sarcodine)– dysentery – Giardia, Entamoeba.

11. The Good Guys
Click here to see trichonympha
Trichonympha – lives in gut of termite – digests cellulose into glucose

12. Plant Like Protists Euglena. Unicellular. No cell wall.
Click Here to see a Euglena Party
Euglena.
Unicellular.
No cell wall.
Live as autotrophs in light, as heterotrophs in dark.
Eyespot helps find light.
Pellicle – fancy cell membrane.
Reproduce by binary fission.

13. Chrysophytes Golden Algae. Unicellular.
Store food as oil rather than starch.
Sexual and asexual.

14. Diatoms - Bacillariophyta
Unicellular.
Cell walls rich in silicon.
Two pieces like a petri dish.

15. Pyrrophyta - Dinoflagellates
Unicellular.
Some autotrophic, some heterotrophic.
Can luminesce.
Enormous growth called algal bloom – Red Tides – produce toxins.

16. Ecology Plantlike protists common in fresh and saltwater.
50% of photosynthesis on Earth from phytoplankton.
Important in ecosystems because they are the base of food chain.
Algae Blooms can deplete resources and disrupt equilibrium.

17. The Algaes Red, Brown and Green. Most are multicellular.
Have different proportions of chlorophylls.
Brown Algaes are the giant kelps (Example: Sargassum).
Red Algaes important in coral reefs.
Green algae most like plants- found all over – fresh and salt water.
Cell walls of cellulose.
Same chlorophyll as plants.
Store food as starch.

18. Algae

19. Reproduction – Green Algae

20. Human Uses of Algae FOOD
Treating ulcers, high blood pressure, arthritis.
Seaweed wrapping for sushi.
Algal products used in ice cream, pudding, salad dressing, candy bars, pancake syrup, eggnog…
Chemicals from algae used to make plastics, paints, waxes, deodorants...
Agar for growing bacteria derived from seaweed.

21. Fungus like Protists Slime molds
Click to see slime mold
Like fungi, slime molds absorb nutrients from dead/decaying matter
Some have stages with large multi-nucleated cells formed from by cells fusing together.