1. Targeted Supplemental Interventions and Supports
Tier 2
Sources: (unless otherwise identified)
Florida’s Multi-Tiered System of Supports
RtI Action Network
What is “Special” About Special Education
Targeted Supplemental Interventions and Supports

2. Close skill gaps to enable successful mastery of Florida State Standards and grade-level instructional goals and expectations for learners who are struggling in the general education curriculum setting, while ensuring the prevention of new content area gaps and supporting student engagement.
The Goal of Tier 2

3. Targeted Supplemental Interventions and Supports
Address high probability barriers to student success.
More focused, targeted instruction/intervention and supplemental support in addition to and aligned with Florida State Standards and core academic and behavioral goals/expectations.
Targeted Supplemental Interventions and Supports

4. Tier 2 is meant to provide a limited, but targeted, support system for students who struggle to meet grade-level performance standards. Tier 2 is to remediate academic skill deficits with the idea that in doing so, students will be successful in the Tier 1 program without further support. 70% of students receiving core + tier 2 should be able to reach proficiency expectations without additional services.
If successful…

5. Data must be compiled and reviewed to make decisions that support continuous improvement.
Universal Screening Results
aReading & aMath
Classroom Assessments
Progress Monitoring/Formative
CBM Measures in FastBridge
District Formative Assessments in Performance Matters / Unify
Summative
Standardized Assessments
Attendance Patterns
Universal screenings – Measure the effectiveness of core.
Classroom assessments
Progress monitoring – assess academic performance and the effectiveness of instruction
Formative – monitor student learning and provide ongoing feedback to improve learning
Summative – evaluate student learning at the end of an instructional unit by comparing it against a standard or benchmark
Standardized assessments – Primarily achievement tests (FSA, FSAA, EOC, etc.); designed to measure the knowledge and skills students learned in school or to determine the academic progress they have made over a period of time.
Attendance patterns – Are students at school on a regular basis to receive instruction/intervention? Do they move around a lot (within the county or around the state/country)?
Data

6. Continuous Problem Solving
Problem solve with co-teachers/team teachers.
Problem solve with grade level team.
Talk with the TOSA about your specific concerns.
Conference with the parent about your specific concerns.
Request to meet with the school based problem solving team.
Problem-solving is a continuous process that can occur anywhere/anytime. Teachers can engage in this process before sitting down with the PST team.
Step 1 Define the problem or goal - “What specifically do we want students to know and be able to do when compared to what they do know and are able to do?”
Step 2 Analyze the problem -“Why is/are the desired goal(s) not occurring? What are the barriers to the student(s) doing and knowing what is expected?”
Step 3 Develop and implement a plan - “What are we going to do?”
Step 4 Measure response to instruction/interventions - “Is it working? If not, how will the instruction/intervention plan be adjusted to better support the student’s or group of students’ progress?”
Continuous Problem Solving

7. PST Meeting Be prepared!
Graph of Class Average compared to Student’s Performance
Gap Analysis & Rate of Progress
Attendance Report from Skyward
Parent Conferences
Data Sheet
Screeners
Learning Modality
Adjust this slide to match your school’s expectations…
Graph of Class Average compared to Student’s Performance – class average should be at least 80% (if lower – dirty water?)
PST Meeting

8. Gap Analysis & Rate of Progress
The key to determining the amount of time an intervention should be in place and at what level of intensity in order to close the gap!
Gap Analysis & Rate of Progress

9. Gap Analysis Gap = Expected Level Current/Observed Level
Rule of Thumb: 2.0 = significant gap
(The student would have to double their current rate of performance to catch up.)
Gap Analysis

10. Closing the Gap How much time do we have to close the GAP? Example:
90 minutes daily is needed for annual growth in reading.
If the student is one year behind, annual growth + catch up growth = 180 minutes.
If the student is two years behind, annual growth + catch up growth = 270 minutes.
Understanding the idea of typical annual growth helps put the “gap” in perspective. It also helps us see why gap analysis and rate of progress is so important in determining the amount of time an intervention should be in place and at what level of intensity in order to close the gap!
Closing the Gap

11. Measure the difference between desired & current performance.
Divide by the number of weeks intervention will be in place.
Set goals which are ambitious, but reasonable – rate required to reach goal is 25 – 50% above typical rate determined by gap analysis.
Ambitious, but reasonable – we don’t want to set kids up for failure by creating learning goals that are impossible to achieve during the time we have an intervention in place. This allows us to set realistic goals and consider long-range planning, if necessary.
Rate of Progress

12. Explicit Comprehension ?s
Target Student’s Observed/Current Level of Performance: 38%
Expected Level of Performance: 80%
Peer Level of Performance: 82%
Gap Analysis:
Expected Level/Target Student:
80/38= 2.1 difference SIGNIFICANT GAP
Expected Level/Peer:
80/82 = <1x difference NO SIGNIFICANT GAP
Explicit Comprehension ?s

13. Explicit Comprehension ?s
Desired minus Current divided by Number of Weeks
Explicit Comprehension ?s: / 36 weeks
42 / 36 weeks
1.2 percentage points gained each week
But what is typical for the grade level?
Is this ambitious, but reasonable?
Our “1.25/1.50” calculation doesn’t help us in this scenario because we do not have any clear cut scores to determine the typical rate of progress for this skill.
Explicit Comprehension ?s

14. This tools chart presents information about studies that have been conducted about academic intervention programs.
The National Center on Intensive Intervention publishes this chart to assist educators and families in becoming informed consumers who can select intervention programs that best meet their individual needs.
The Center's Technical Review Committee (TRC) on Academic Intervention independently established a set of criteria for evaluating the scientific rigor of studies demonstrating the efficacy of instructional intervention programs. The TRC rated each submitted study against these criteria but did not compare it to other studies on the chart. The presence of a particular program on the chart does not constitute endorsement and should not be viewed as a recommendation from either the TRC on Academic Intervention or the National Center on Intensive.
What resources are available at your site? Need some additional ideas? (Each school may want to add another slide prior to this one outlining some of their resources.)
The chart reports information on four aspects of the studies/interventions: (1) Study Quality, (2) Effect Size, (3) Intensity, and (4) Additional Research.
Across the top of the chart are the standards by which the TRC reviews each study.
Click on the name of the study in the “Title” column to access the following information: Implementation information including the cost of the program, what is needed to implement it, the support you will receive from the vendor, how the program is intended to be used, and with whom it should be used. The specific data submitted for each standard.
Every column of the chart can be sorted by clicking the text at the top of the column.
The programs in the chart can be filtered by subject and by grade using the filter tool at the top of the chart
National Center on Intensive Intervention at American Institutes for Research

15. Graphing Graphing in a Word Document: Open Microsoft Word.
Click on the Insert Tab at the top of your screen.
Click on Chart.
Choose a chart type (line, column, pie, etc.) and click OK.
The chart will be inserted into your document and you will have a “split screen” view of your Word document and an Excel worksheet where you will enter you data.
Enter you data on the Excel worksheet.
Close the Excel window.
Use the Chart Tools Tab to customize your graph:
Design – Type, Data, Layouts, and Style
Layout – Insert shapes, text boxes, change labels (title), and axes
Format – Shape Styles, Word Art
Add a Trendline
Right click on the student’s line.
Click on Add Trendline in the pop-up menu.
“Linear” will already be chosen as the default.
Close the box.
ALWAYS graph in Skyward if you can.
Some progress monitoring graphs, like behavior, for example, don’t present well in Skyward when you have to graph both the frequency of the noncompliant behavior and the frequency of the replacement behavior. Graphing in a Word document is a simple solution.
Graphing on the internet: Chart Dog 2.0
Graphing

16. Truth:
Within an MTSS framework, teachers can provide tier 2 interventions for both academics and/or behavior! But teachers can’t do it alone. This is why it is so important that the entire system is operating within an MTSS framework and engaging in data-based planning and problem solving.
This process includes support for the teacher who is engaged as a team member throughout the development and implementation of intervention plans. Teachers are critical team members for effective problem solving because of their knowledge of barriers to student learning and experience as skilled instructors/interventionists.
An MTSS does not involve telling teachers to provide an intervention without asking them to participate as a central member to the team’s decision-making process. Because changes to curriculum and instruction are based on students’ responses and growth as a result of receiving that curriculum /instruction, an MTSS gives educators flexibility in the academic instruction and behavioral supports provided to students and flexibility to align the supports with student need.
Myth: As the teacher I have been told I need to provide tier 2 interventions for both academics and/or behavior, I can’t do it.

17. Truth:
Within an MTSS, some students will still need additional or supplemental help (called tier 2 interventions), in order to achieve academic and behavioral success. Even with the additional help provided, there would still be a small number (about 5%) of students who need very intensive, individualized supports (called tier 3).
A school does not have enough resources to provide large numbers of students with effective tier 3 interventions and supports; therefore, it is important for schools to ensure they are providing varying intensities of supports that match student need.
The success of tier 1 and tier 2 supports is what makes an MTSS an efficient way to organize and deploy a school’s resources. If too many students in a system are in need of tier 2 or 3 supports, the planning and problem-solving process should address the effectiveness of core instruction in tier 1.
Myth: We do not need tier 2 because we do not have any students who need that support, but we do have a lot of students who need tier 3 support.

18. Tier 3: Intensive Individualized Interventions and Supports
Next time…
Tier 3: Intensive Individualized Interventions and Supports