1. Read 10 Min

2. With a partner
Create a map of the Crusades
Have at least 8 annotated events
You must include detailed information, routes, dates etc for each event.
Include 8 handrawn pictures
Cite your sources on the back of your map
Crusade Annotated Map

3. Summarize what happened on the first 3 Crusades
Summarize what happened on the first 3 Crusades. Why did they embark on these crusades?
Bell Ringer

4. Literature
After 1200 people became literate. People wrote sermons, interpretations of Bible, wrote stories of lives of saints
Epics/Romances became popular, long poems tell stories of heroes/villains – famous Romance King Arthur and his knights of the Round Table (chivalry)
Performed by troubadours – wandering singers, went court to court, performing and spreading news. Given in English not Latin, why?
English was vernacular language (lang. of the people) Latin language of church

5. Thinking/Learning
Writers helped spread new ideas throughout Europe, led to new ways of thinking/Universities
Alchemy practiced, early Chemistry practiced
Tried to turn lead into gold, didn’t succeed but learned to dissolve/vaporize materials by heating them, very useful for future
Universities (groups of people not buildings) emerged increasing flow of Greek learning in Europe. Greek Texts from Artistotle etc. translated to Latin.
Raised level of education in a new class, new floods of information coming in during this time.
Thomas Aquinas one of the greatest scholars at University of Paris. Scholars taught only truth could be discovered only through human reason. Christians believed only God could reveal truth/depend on faith.
Aquinas reconciled the two approaches, arguing both reason and faith necessary for understanding of truth, called Scholasticism.

6. Religious Crisis
Heresy – beliefs that opposed official teachings of church, began appearing in Europe during first millennium, caused alarm to church in 1100’s
Church used Inquisitions – legal procedures supervised by special judges who tried suspected heretics
friars – took vows of poverty and obedience, spread the word. What is the main difference you believe between monks and friars?
Friars lived in the city among the people and not in monastery
Also Pope ordered Christian soldiers to fight wars to get rid of heretics. One war lasted 21 years.
Papal conflict, pope moved from Rome bc of political fighting in 1309, next several popes lived in Avignon. Pope Gregory XI moved back to Rome but died later that year and two men claimed papal powers. One in Rome and one in Avignon. 40 year conflict of who was the pope.

7. 100 Years War/Conflict
1328 French king died without a son. Living male relative was his nephew, King Edward III of England. French King’s cousin served as regent. French preferred regent as rightful heir crowned King Philip VI of France. Edward mad invaded France in 1337 starting Hundred Years’ War (1337 – 1453). Fell from ship bloody nose.
Initially under Edward and then King Henry, English army advanced all the way to Paris
“The English archers took one pace forward and poured out their arrows on the Genoese so thickly and evenly that they fell like snow… The English continued to shoot into the thickest part of the crowd, wasting none of their arrows. They impaled or wounded horses and riders, who fell to the ground in great distress.” -Jean Froissart, Chronicles
1429 Joan of Arc, Jeanne d’Arc, changed the war for French.
Convinced Prince that the saints told her to lead French into battle. Led to Orleans and defeated huge English army and several more victories before being captured. Tried and Executed as a heretic. 20 years later cleared of charges and made a saint. Strict with her soldiers
King Charles VII rallied French forces driving out England after years of fighting.

8. Joan of Arc Read

9. Wars of the Roses/Black Death
After Hundred Years’ War, two families fought over throne of England. Lancasters/Yorks, multiple battles/multiple king’s took throne at this time
Finally a nobleman from Tudor family claimed throne. Henry VII. Was married to a Lancaster and blood line of Yorks.
Black death took over during Hundred Years War. Swept continent for 4 years. Two theories of where it comes from , one called bubonic plague spread by fleas living on rats, other pneumonic plague could be spread airborne.
Infection spread from Mongol army in Black sea and carried from rats to merchants and European sea ports. All of Europe touched. Usually large dark splotches/high fever/vomiting/severe headaches. Died within a few days. Doctors and priests visiting sick died quickly as well. 25 million 1/3 of pop. Died. Also hit China, Central Asia, N. Africa, Byzantine Empire.
People turned to witchcraft, blamed Jews and massacred communities. Brought an end to manorial system bc so many workers died. Workers that were left demanded higher pay.

10. Plague in Siena Read

11. Group Work, Plague, Weapons
Bubonic Plague Video