1. Stem-Changing Verbs

2. Stem-changing verb
Stem-Changing Verb (a.k.a. Stem-changer): a verb that experiences a CHANGE in the STEM during conjugation.

3. Regular endings
Stem-changing Verbs will have regular (-AR, -ER, -IR) verb endings.
-AR endings
-ER endings
-IR endings
o amos as
a an
o emos es
e en
o imos es
e en

4. Stem Remove the last two letters
To find the stem, you drop the last two letters of the infinitive (unconjugated verb). The remaining letters are the stem.
Example: Infintive Stem
hablar habl
Remove the
last two letters

5. 4 categories There are 4 categories of stem-changing verbs:
e --> ie
e --> i
o --> ue
u --> ue (jugar)

6. 3 There are 3 categories of stem- changing verbs you will learn today:
e --> ie
o --> ue
u --> ue (jugar)

7. Important!
Stem-changing verbs will NEVER have a stem-change in the NOSOTROS form!

8. Recognize Stem-changers!
The following verbs are stem-changers:

9. e --> ie
cerrar (to close) empezar (to start) perder (to lose) sentarse (to sit down) comenzar (to start) pensar (to think) preferir (to prefer) querer (to want) sentir (to feel)

10. ExAMPLE OF E --> IE CONJUGATION
EMPEZAR (TO START) EMPIEZO EMPEZAMOS EMPIEZAS EMPIEZA EMPIEZAN

11. o --> ue
encontrar (to find) acostarse (to go to bed) recordar (to remember) poder (to be able) volver (to return) devolver (to return)

12. EXAMPLE OF O --> UE CONJUGATION
PODER (TO BE ABLE) PUEDO PODEMOS PUEDES PUEDE PUEDEN

13. u --> ue
jugar (to play)

14. EXAMPLE OF U --> UE CONJUGATION
JUGAR (TO PLAY) JUEGO JUGAMOS JUEGAS JUEGA JUEGAN