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Biology Semester Exam
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Using prior knowledge, logical thinking and creativity to make predictions.
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Answer Hypothesis
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The variable that scientists measure in an experiment.
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Answer Responding variable
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List the 5 of the 8 characteristics of life.
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Answer All living things are: Made of cells Reproduce
Based on a universal genetic code (DNA) Grow and develop Obtain and use materials and energy (Metabolize) Respond to their environment Maintain a stable internal environment (homeostasis) Change over time (as a group)
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Give an example of a stimulus that a plant might respond to.
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Answer Light, water, gravity
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A well tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observations
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Answer Theory
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The process by which organisms keep their internal conditions constant
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Answer Homeostasis
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Give an example of a quantitative measurement/observation.
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Answer The plant is 5 cm Tall The mass of the turtle is 230 g
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Name the subatomic particle that is NOT found in the nucleus.
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Answer Electron
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Name the subatomic particle that is transferred or shared when compounds are formed.
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Answer electron
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Give an example of the cohesive nature of water
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Answer Water droplets forming on a leaf Surface tension
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What does it mean that water is a polar molecule?
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Answer The electrons are not equally shared by the oxygen and hydrogen.
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What is the pH range for an acid?
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Answer Acid pH= 0-6.9
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Monosaccharides are the building block for what organic compound?
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Answer Carbohydrates
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Amino acids are the monomer for what macromolecule?
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Answer Protein
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What type of organic molecule are enzymes?
What is the function of enzymes?
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Answer Protein The function of enzymes are to speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy
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Draw a picture of an enzyme catalyzed reaction and label the enzyme, substrate, active site and product.
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Answer
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Put the following in order from “smallest” to “largest”:
Species Community population ecosystem
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Answer 1-Species 2- Population 3- community 4-Ecosystem
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Give an example of an autotroph and a heterotroph
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Answer Autotroph= Plants (trees, grass, flowers) Heterotroph= Animals (fish, birds, insects, mammals)
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Sketch the carbon cycle and include the following in your sketch:
Photosynthesis, Respiration Decomposition combustion
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Answer
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How are abiotic and biotic factors different?
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Answer
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How is mutualism different from commensalism?
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Answer Mutualism: BOTH organisms benefit Commensalism: One organism benefits while the other is not helped or harmed
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How is primary succession different from secondary succession?
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Answer Primary succession starts with bare rock Secondary succession starts after a natural disaster or human intervention and soil is present
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What is the climax community in the following locations:
1- Kent, Ohio 2- Nebraska 3- Northern Alaska
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Answer Kent= Temperate Deciduous forest Nebraska= Temperate grassland Northern Alaska= Tundra
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25 Oak trees per acre is an example of what characteristic of a population?
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Answer Population density (Number of organisms per unit area)
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What does the range of a population tell you?
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Answer Range is also known as geographic distribution This is the area inhabited by a population
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Create a sketch of a graph that represents logisitic growth:
Label the following sections 1- exponential growth 2- carrying capacity
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Answer
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Give 2 examples of each of the following:
1-Density dependent limiting factor 2-Density independent limiting factor
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Answer Competition Predation Parasitism Disease Unusual weather
Density dependent Density independent Competition Predation Parasitism Disease Unusual weather Seasonal cycles Natural disasters Human activity
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How are eukaryotic cells different from prokaryotic cells?
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Answer Larger More complex Have a NUCLEUS
Eukaryotic Prokayotic Larger More complex Have a NUCLEUS Have membrane bound organelles Smaller Simpler NO NUCLEUS No membrane bound organelles
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Which organelle makes proteins from coded information held in DNA?
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Answer Ribosome
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Name the organelle that converts chemical energy stored in food into usable energy for the cell.
What is this process called?
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Answer Mitochondria; Cellular respiration
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Name the 3 structures only found in plant cells and the 1 structure only found in animal cells.
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Answer Plants Animals Cell wall Central vacuole Chloroplast Centriole
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Diffusion of water across a semi-permiable membrane.
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Answer Osmosis
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The movement of a material against the gradient which requires energy.
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Answer Active transport
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Sketch a cell in a hypotonic solution and draw arrows to show the movement of water.
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Answer
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How is energy released from ATP?
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Answer When a phosphate is broken off energy is released
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What are the reactants in photosynthesis?
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Answer Water and Carbon dioxide
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Sketch a chloroplast and label the following:
Granum, thylakoid, stroma
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Answer
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What are the products of photosynthesis?
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Answer Glucose and Oxygen
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What are the 2 reactants for cellular respiration?
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Answer Glucose and Oxygen
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Aerobic respiration requires ________
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Answer Oxygen
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What physical effect is the result of lactic acid fermentation in muscle cells?
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Answer Muscle soreness
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What is the end result of mitosis and cytokinesis?
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Answer Two identical diploid daughter cells
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During which phase of mitosis do chromosomes line up along the equator of the cell?
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Answer Metaphase
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Name the fiber like structures that attach to chromosomes and help to pull them apart.
What phase of mitosis does this occur in?
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Answer Spindle; They pull chromosomes apart during ANAPHASE
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Draw a chromosome and label the centromere and sister chromatids.
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Answer
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What are the end results of meiosis
What are the end results of meiosis? (Note: include 3 things in your response)
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Answer 4 genetically different haploid cells
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Functions of this organic compound include: protecting organs, insulating the body and storing energy for the long term.
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Answer Lipids
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The function of this organic compound is to store genetic information.
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Answer Nucleic acids
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