1. By: Julie Carrasco, Brianna Macias, Alexx Rusake
Multiple Sclerosis
By: Julie Carrasco, Brianna Macias, Alexx Rusake

2. Origin Discovered by Jean-Martin Charcot in 1868
Recognized in 1873 by Dr. Walter Moxon in England and in 1878 by Dr. Edward Seguin in the U.S.

3. Quick Intro
Multiple Sclerosis is a disease that affects the brain and spinal cord
Nerves of the brain and spinal cord are damaged by own immune system (autoimmune disease)
Loss of muscle control, vision, balance and sensation
Disease becoming more common
About 250, ,000 people with MS in the U.S
More common in Northern Europe and in white people
4 types: relapsing- remitting, primary-progressive, secondary-progressive, progressive-relapsing

4. Cause No one is sure of the cause
Some say it is a combination of genetics and something you are exposed to environmentally early in life
Viruses like Epstein-Barr, Varicella Zoster, and the Hepatitis vaccine might be a possible cause (still not proven)
Hormones, including sex hormones, can affect and be affected by the immune system (estrogen & progesterone and testosterone)
Higher levels of testosterone in men might be why women with MS are more common than men

5. Symptoms Muscle weakness Fatigue Decreased coordination
Blurred or hazy vision
Double vision
Depression/emotional changes
Pain or numbness
Slurred speech and stuttering

6. Treatment Slow the disease: Beta Interferons Glatiramer acetate
Fingolimod
Teriflunomide
Mitoxantrone
Treat attacks:
Corticosteroids: Reduce inflammation that happens during relapse
Plasma exchange (plasmapheresis): To help with severe symptoms of MS for people that aren’t responding to the steroids
Treat symptoms:
Physical therapy
Dalfampridine (Ampyra): Improve
walking speed
-Side effect: Seizures
Muscle relaxants: Improve muscle spasticity
-Baclofen (Lioresal)
-Tizanidine (Zanaflex)

7. Prognosis Hard to determine life expectancy
Approximate life expectancy is years after diagnosis
Affects quality of life, not quantity
Death is mainly caused by secondary complications: heart disease, cancer, stroke, and suicide
No current cure for M.S

8. Research
Mission : Stop disease progression, restore what has been lost, and to end MS forever
National Multiple Sclerosis Society : searches identifying targets and repurposing opportunities for progressive MS, uses experimental models for preclinical evaluation of therapies, clinical outcome, and symptom management
Cell therapy, myelin therapy, and immune system therapy all in clinical trials
Just started researching how to repair nervous system