1. John F. Kennedy

2. Warren Court Reforms A sampling of major decisions of the Warren Court
Under Chief Justice Earl Warren,
the Supreme Court issued a number
of decisions that altered the voting
system, expanded due process, and
reinterpreted aspects of the First
Amendment.
A sampling of major decisions of the Warren Court
Civil Rights
Brown v. Board of Education (1954) Declared segregation in public schools unconstitutional
Due Process
Mapp v. Ohio (1961) Ruled that unlawfully seized evidence cannot be used in a trial
Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) Established suspect’s right to court-appointed attorney if
suspects were unable to afford one
Escobedo v. Illinois (1964) Affirmed right of the accused to an attorney during police
questioning
Miranda v. Arizona (1966) Required police to inform suspects of their rights during the
arrest process
Freedom of Speech and Religion
Engel v. Vitale (1962) Banned state-mandated prayer in public schools
Abington School District v. Schempp (1963) Banned state-mandated Bible reading in public schools

3. Civil Rights
Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
Declared segregation in public schools unconstitutional
Plessy v. Ferguson, which held that as long as the separate facilities for the separate races were equal, segregation did not violate the Fourteenth Amendment ("no State shall... deny to any person... the equal protection of the laws.").
The plaintiff, Oliver L. Brown, was a parent, a welder in the shops of the Santa Fe Railroad, an assistant pastor at his local church, and an African American. Brown's daughter Linda, a third grader, had to walk six blocks to her school bus stop to ride to Monroe Elementary, her segregated black school one mile away, while Sumner Elementary, a white school, was seven blocks from her house.

4. Mapp v. Ohio (1961)
Ruled that unlawfully seized evidence cannot be used in a trial
(overturned the silver platter doctrine)
Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)
Established suspect’s right to court-appointed attorney if
suspects were unable to afford one
Escobedo v. Illinois (1964)Affirmed right of the accused to an
attorney during police questioning.

5. Miranda v. Arizona (1966) Required police to inform suspects of
their rights during their arrest process
On March 13, 1963, Ernesto Miranda was arrested, by the
Phoenix Police Department, based on circumstantial evidence
linking him to the kidnapping and rape of an 18-year-old girl ten
days earlier. After two hours of interrogation by police officers,
Miranda signed a confession to the rape charge on forms that
included the typed statement "I do hereby swear that I make this
statement voluntarily and of my own free will, with no threats,
coercion, or promises of immunity, and with full knowledge of my
legal rights, understanding any statement I make may be used
against me.”
However, he was never told what his rights were.
Brewer v. Williams ( Christian Burial Speech)

6. Freedom of Speech and Religion
Engel v. Vitale (1962)
Banned state-mandated prayer in public schools
Abington School District v. Schempp (1963)
Banned state-mandated Bible reading in public schools

7. Exit ticket
How did the Warren Court change the “landscape”
Of The American Justice system?
How would life be different today if these decisions
Went the other way?