1. The Growth of Monarchies
1st Block
Monday, March 19th

2. The English Monarch and Anglo- Saxon England
First country in Europe to develop a strong central monarchy.
Anglo-Saxons are the first to unify the country.
Normans conquered the Anglo-Saxons.
Anglo-Saxons of England were divided into seven small kingdoms.
Vikings invaded England, and conquered a few kingdoms, but not all of England.

3. The Norman Conquest 1066,king died without an heir
Harold claimed the throne
William became jealous, sailed to England to claim the throne
They both fought with William winning the fight
William was known as william the conqueror
He divided England into fiefs, created New England
Ordered a survey to find out how much to tax
Survies were collected in the domesday book, used to create a central tax systeem
French culture was introduced nto england
Most of lower classes kept the Anglo-Saxon language and habits
Link to french culture would last for centuries

4. The English in France
The kings who followed king William gained even more power as they gained land. Mainly in France
His descendants were known as Dukes of Normandy, so they ruled that region of France
Henry II was a descendant of William
Married Eleanor of Aquitane, powerful French duchess. They ruled all of England and half of France together

5. The Magna Carta
Nobles feared that kings would abuse their powers and take away the nobles rights
The nobles concerns reached a crisis point in 1215 under King John
Magna Carta was a document outlining nobles rights
Nobles forced King John to accept the document
King had to obtain and have the consent of the nobles before raising taxes
Also ended the kings ability to arrest and punish people without cause or take their property without following legal procedures
The Magna Carta set forth ideas about limiting government & executive power
Suggested that even kings were not above the law
People considered the Magna Carta one of the most important historical documents in the formation of modern democracies

6. Parliamant After the Magna Carta the nobles were still not satisfied
The king constantly asking for approval
Nobles started another rebellion in the 1260s
King wanted to raise the taxes to fund wars and is debt
Parliament the governing body
For several years the powers of parliament remained undefined
King Edward I clarified the role of Parliament
With the help of Parliament Edward strengthened of England's central government and reformed system of laws

7. Other European Monarchs and France
Kings in other European countries experience’s were very different from English rulers
Noble had more power than kings, and they started ignoring the kings
In the mid-900s, a family called Capetians extended power of their monarchy throughout France
Managed and named after Hugh Capet
Sometimes fought locals and sometimes formed allegiances
In 1300, Capetians ruled most of France

8. Holy Roman Empire
Empire spit into 2 parts- western part became France and the eastern part became Germany.
-France remained under one king.
-Germany separated into several small states.
-Each state had its own ruler known as a Duke.
Called Holy Roman Empire because it had the pope’s support.

9. Spain and Portugal
Both Spain and portugal were conquered by the Muslims in 700s during the civil war the Muslim Spain weakened Moorish leaders (Muslims)
Castile the leader of Reconquistia (reconquest), captured Moors’ city of Toledo, inspiring Argon and Portugal tp join. The 3 Iberian kingdoms drove Moors out of their lands and established kingdom Portugal.
Argon and Castile went on Pushing Moors almost all the way out of Sapin, stayed all the way out of Sapin stayed in Granada (protected by the mountains.