1. Transportation, westward movement, Changing Population- 1820-1850’s

2. Transportation, westward movement- 1820-1850’s
Steam boats

3. Transportation, westward movement- 1820-1850’s
Canals

4. Transportation, westward movement- 1820-1850’s
Canals, connecting rivers with lakes and ocean
Boom in trading, shipping businesses reducing time and cost.

5. Inland Freight Rates

6. Transportation, westward movement- 1820-1850’s
Trains being built in the U. S. 1840’s and 1850’s will substitute for the canals as a means for travel and shipping.

7. Transportation, westward movement- 1820-1850’s
Train routes

8. Transportation, westward movement- 1820-1850’s
Train routes by 1860

9. Westward movement
The steel plow, invented by John Deere in the 1830s, made it easier to cultivate the rich prairie soil. Crucial to a pioneer family's survival, the plow also came to symbolize national prosperity and the "civilizing" of the West.

10. Cyrus McCormick & the Mechanical Reaper: 1831

11. Population changes American Population Centers in 1820

12. National Origin of Immigrants: 1820 - 1860

13. Population Changes
Nativism- Hostility towards immigrants and calling for a restriction on immigration.
-Racism
Unfit, inferior
Worked for lower wages
Religious prejudices, anti-Catholic ( especially Irish)
Sold their votes for jobs
Know-Nothing political party- anti-immigrant

14. Changing Occupation Distributions: 1820 - 1860