1. U.S. History Review Part 3
American Revolution

2. 13 Colonies vs. Great Britain
Salutary Neglect: British policy of avoiding strict enforcement of laws meant to keep the colonists obedient to England; colonists established their own representative institutions as a result
Causes of the Revolution:
French and Indian War 1754 to British colonists wanted to take over French land in North America. British soldiers fought against French soldiers and Native Americans. Native Americans joined against the British b/c they were afraid the British would take over their land.
Mercantilism – economic idea that the colonies existed to benefit Great Britain
Proclamation of 1763 – established to keep colonists from settling west of the Appalachian mountains; setting limits on where colonists could go

3. Acts and responses Violating Civil Liberties
Sugar Act 1764: tax on sugar – Taxation without representation
Stamp Act 1765: tax on documents – led to protests, Sons of Liberty form
Townshend Acts 1767: tax on imported goods – led to boycotting British goods
Boston Massacre 1770: British soldiers fire on unarmed colonists, led to more protests
Crispus Attucks – first person killed in the Boston Massacre
Tea Act 1773: tax on tea, led to Boston Tea Party
Boston Tea Party 1773: dumping British tea into Boston harbor, led to British enacting the Intolerable Acts
Intolerable Acts 1774: closed Boston ports, led to forming of the First Continental Congress

4. NO Taxation without Representation!!
Sons of Liberty – Civil Disobedience
Bostonian, Sam Adams has been credited with founding and leading the organization
Organized Patriot political organization
Large followings in Boston and New York – underground network
Boston Chapter – “Liberty Tree”
New York Chapter – “Liberty Pole”
Responsible for the Boston Tea Party

5. Wentworth Cheswell
Educated African-American Patriot, made the same midnight ride as Paul Revere warning that the British were coming.

6. James Armistead
African-American spy during the American Revolution. Spied on Lord Cornwallis’ camp.

7. Ben Franklin Author, publisher, inventor and diplomat
Albany Plan of Union 1754

8. Bernardo de Galvez
Spaniard who held off British in New Orleans, but allowed Americans use of the port.

9. Haym Salomon
Polish Jew who spied for Americans and was held as a translator for the Germans by the British.

10. Marquis de Lafayette
French Noble who helped Americans during the Revolutionary War

11. George Washington
Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army, President of the Constitutional Convention, and First US President (Appointed)
Helped create a strong central government
Federalist

12. John Paul Jones
Congressional Gold Medal recipient – victory at sea against the British Navy

13. Abigail Adams
Wife of John Adams, known for her stance on women’s rights in letters to her husband.

14. Revolutionary Battles
Lexington and Concord: First battles of the Revolution
British planned to arrest American leaders
Paul Revere made famous ride to warn about the British attack
Saratoga: — turning point of the war
Important victory because it influenced foreign nations to support America in its war against England
France used its Navy in the Americans effort for victory
Yorktown: — last major battle of the war
French ships prevented British supplies to reach Yorktown
British surrender because of lack of supplies
British Generals captured
British lost hope of winning war and began negotiating the Treaty of Paris 1783
Winter at Valley Forge: Continental soldiers, along with Washington, camped in this location. They were sick from disease, hunger and exposure. With the help of Baron Von Steuben, soldiers were trained and confidence grew.

15. Treaty of Paris 1783
Color the 13 colonies – can all be one color or individually
Color the territory gained from the Treaty of Paris 1783
Ended the American Revolution (twenty years after the Treaty of Paris 1763 – French and Indian War)
Became a free nation
Doubled the size of the colonies

16. Common Sense 1775 Published in 1776 by Thomas Paine
Influenced the colonists to declare independence from England
Promoted a creation of a democratic republic
Inspiration for the DOI

17. Declaration of Independence
First Continental Congress 1774: delegates from colonies come together to come up with a plan for dealing with the British; list out grievances Thomas Jefferson wrote – DOI Listed the grievances against Britain and the King

18. Articles of Confederation
First constitution for the new nation - Plan of government
Strong state governments
Weak central government
Northwest Ordinance 1787 – best thing to come out of the AoC. Determined how new territories would be divided into states.
Shays’ Rebellion – Daniel Shays led farmers to protest against tax collections in Massachusetts; showed the weaknesses of the AoC
- This led to the call to revise the Articles

19. Join, or Die
“We must, indeed, all hang together or, most assuredly, we shall all hang separately.”
Ben Franklin