1. Chapter 22
Unifying Italy

3. Introduction
Italy had not experienced political unity since Roman times.
That changed in the 1800s, when leaders such as Giuseppe Mazzini and Count Camillo Cavour worked to build a united state.

4. Aren’t we all the same? People from Florence= Tuscans
People from Venice= Venetians
People from Naples= Neapolitans
As in Germany, the invasions of Napoleon spark dreams of national unity.

5. Obstacles
Regionalism: Despite a common language, people identified mainly with their local regions
Foreign rule: At the Congress of Vienna, Italy was divided by Austria, the Hapsburg monarchs, and others
Frequent wars

6. Giuseppe Mazzini Creates a secret society called Young Italy
Goal: Unite Italy
The ideas of nationalists such as Mazzini soon spread…

7. Victor Emmanuel II Victor Emmanuel II- the monarch of Sardinia Goal:
Join other states to his own to increase his power

8. Count Camillo Cavour Prime Minister
Goal: Drive Austria out of Italy and annex more provinces

9. Giuseppe Garibaldi Nationalist and ally of Mazzini
led a volunteer force of 1,000 “Red Shirts.”
Using weapons and ships supplied by Cavour, the Red Shirts won control of Sicily and marched toward Naples.

10. “…but don’t take over please!”
Cavour feared Garibaldi would set up his own republic in the southern part of Italy.
However, when Victor Emmanuel sent Sardinian forces to confront Garibaldi, he turned over Naples and Sicily. Victor Emmanuel II was crowned king of Italy in 1861.
Italy was finally a united land.

11. Italy became a unified state between 1858 and 1870.

12. Problems… Regional rivalries and differences
The north was rich and had a tradition of business and culture, whereas the south was rural and poor.
Popes resented seizure of the Papal States and urged Italian Catholics not to cooperate with the new government.

13. Economy improves after 1900
Industries developed in northern regions and people moved to cities.
Though a population explosion created tensions, many people chose to emigrate, which calmed things at home.