1. Unit 5

2. Outline
Odds and ends
Direction and location
Verbs of motion

3. Writing numerals
Russian uses a space instead of a comma every three places in large numerals
US: 192,000
Russia:
Russian uses a comma where we use a decimal point
US: 22.5
Russia: 22,5
We haven’t learned about decimal points yet

4. One o’clock When telling time on the hour
For most times, give the number of the hour followed by the appropriate form of the word час
два́ часа́
пя́ть часо́в
Exception: ‘One o’clock’ is ча́с (not оди́н ча́с)
Russians don’t say оди́н in this context

5. Культу́ра и бы́т: У́тром, днём, ве́чером, но́чью
Evening tends to extend later in Russia than in America
from approximately 5:00 p.m. until midnight
‘Night’ is used only for very late at night
from approximately midnight until 3:00 a.m.
The difference is cultural, as well as linguistic
In Russian cities it is acceptable to call people at 10:00 or 11:00 p.m.
If you’re invited for the evening, you may be there until midnight

6. Hyphenation Hyphenation must leave at least one letter on each line
Hyphenation must leave at least one syllable (= one vowel) on each line
Between consonants and vowels
Hyphenation is acceptable after vowels and before consonants
Don’t hyphenate after a consonant and before a vowel
Between vowels
Hyphenation is always acceptable between vowels
Between consonants
Hyphenation is acceptable between consonants only in positions that are also between morphemes (prefixes, roots, suffixes, grammatical endings)
чи-та́ть
на-ци-о-на́ль-ность

7. Voicing and devoicing SAM, pp. 106–07
Voiced and voiceless consonants (obstruents)
labial: в/ф, б/п
dental: з/с, д/т
palatal: ж/ш
velar: г/к
liquids (р, л) and nasals (м, н) do not participate in voicing assimilation
(other details to follow)
Final devoicing: write джа́з, pronounce джа́с
Voicing assimilation: obstruents (other than в) cause preceding obstruents to agree with them in voicing
Write в Ки́еве, pronounce ф Ки́еве
Write экза́мен, pronounce эгза́мен
Write второ́й, pronounce фторо́й (в undergoes voicing assimilation, but doesn’t cause it)
Write and pronounce тво́й (в doesn’t cause voicing assimilation, although it undergoes it)
Voicing assimilation takes place only within a word, where prepositions count as part of the following word
Assimilate (same “word”): write в пя́той, pronounce ф пя́той
Don’t assimilate across word boundary: write and pronounce ва́ш дру́г

8. Direction and location
в/на + accusative
Я́ иду́ в библиоте́ку.
Я́ иду́ на ле́кцию.
Use with verbs of motion and other verbs that imply motion toward a destination (e.g., опа́здывать).
Location
в/на + prepositional
Я́ занима́юсь в библиоте́ке.
Я́ никогда́ не говорю́ на ле́кции.

9. Adverbs of direction and location
Куда́ ты́ идёшь?
Я́ иду́ домо́й.
Note: not в до́м
Location
Где́ ты́ рабо́таешь?
Я́ рабо́таю до́ма.
Note: not в до́ме
The place adverbs you know (зде́сь, ту́т, та́м) are only for location.
They have directional counterparts that you haven’t learned yet.
If you are feeling precocious: сюда́ ‘hither’, туда́ ‘thither.

10. Direction and location
Кондоли́за Ра́йс е́дет в (Russia).
Кондоли́за Ра́йс е́дет в Росси́ю.
Куда́ е́дет Кондоли́за Ра́йс?
Влади́мир Пу́тин живёт в (Russia).
Влади́мир Пу́тин живёт в Росси́и.
Где́ живёт Влади́мир Пу́тин?
Окса́на рабо́тает в (library).
Окса́на рабо́тает в библиоте́ке.
Где́ рабо́тает Окса́на?
Окса́на идёт в (library).
Окса́на идёт в библиоте́ку.
Куда́ идёт Окса́на?

11. Direction and location
Я́ занима́юсь (at home).
Я́ занима́юсь до́ма.
Где́ я́ занима́юсь?
Я́ иду́ (home).
Я́ иду́ домо́й.
Куда́ я́ иду́?
Мы́ е́дем в (Washington).
Мы́ е́дем в Вашингто́н.
Куда́ мы́ е́дем?

12. Tell your neighbor … Я́ живу́ (in an apartment, house, dormitory, …)
Я́ живу́ в кварти́ре.
That you are going where you live
Я́ иду́ в кварти́ру.
Я́ занима́юсь (at home, in the library, in a café, …)
Я́ занима́юсь до́ма.
That you are going to the place where you study
Я́ иду́ домо́й.
Я́ рабо́таю (at the university, library, store, restaurant, …)
Я́ рабо́таю в университе́те.
That you are going to the place where you work
Я́ иду́ в университе́т.

13. Verbs of (loco)motion
Russian distinguishes a single trip with a single destination from other types of motion (round trips, aimless wandering, habitual motion, etc.)
These are called unidirectional and multidirectional
Russian distinguishes fourteen different types of locomotion
By foot, by vehicle, in water, in the air, crawling, climbing, running, etc.
In this unit: by foot and by vehicle
Verb of motion
describes locomotion
distinguishes unidirectional from multidirectional
Verbs that describe motion but fail to distinguish unidirectional from multidirectional are not called “verbs of motion”

14. ‘To go’ = ??? Foot Vehicle Unidirectional идти́ /id+́/ е́хать /éd+/
Multidirectional
ходи́ть /xod–i+/
е́здить /ézd–i+/

15. Verb conjugation highlights
What types of verbs are ит-conjugation and what types are ёт-conjugation?
Suffixes /i/ and /e/ are ит-conjugation (e.g., говори́ть, смотре́ть)
All other verbs are ёт-conjugation
At what junctures do mutations occur?
V+V (e.g., /pisa+u/ → пишу́)
Where do mutations occur in ит-conjugation and ёт-conjugation verbs?
In ит-conjugation verbs, only in the я́ form (e.g., я́ люблю́, ты́ лю́бишь, …)
In ёт-conjugation verbs, throughout the present (e.g., я́ пишу́, ты́ пи́шешь, …)
What does д mutate to?
ж (ходи́ть, я́ хожу́, ты́ хо́дишь, …)
video/vision; divide/division
If stress shifts in the present tense, what’s the pattern?
End stress in the я́ form, one syllable back elsewhere (e.g, я́ люблю́, ты́ лю́бишь, …)

16. идти́ /id+́/ irregular infinitive
different past stem (which you don’t know yet)
Foot or vehicle? Unidirectional or multidirectional?
ит or ёт? Mutation? Stress?
Present
иду́
идёшь
идёт
идём
идёте
иду́т
Past
don’t know yet

17. ходи́ть /xod–i+/ Foot or vehicle? Unidirectional or multidirectional?
ит or ёт? Mutation? Stress?
Present
хожу́
хо́дишь
хо́дит
хо́дим
хо́дите
хо́дят
Past
ходи́л
ходи́ла
ходи́ло
ходи́ли

18. е́хать /éd+/
different past/infinitive stem (you don’t need to use the past tense yet)
Foot or vehicle? Unidirectional or multidirectional?
ит or ёт? Mutation? Stress?
Present
е́ду
е́дешь
е́дет
е́дем
е́дете
е́дут
Past
don’t use yet

19. е́здить /ézd–i+/ Foot or vehicle? Unidirectional or multidirectional?
ит or ёт? Mutation? Stress?
Present
е́зжу
е́здишь
е́здит
е́здим
е́здите
е́здят
Past
е́здил
е́здила
е́здило
е́здили