1. African trypanosomiasis (Sleeping Sickness)
Jacob B. Stocks
African trypanosomiasis (Sleeping Sickness)

2. Trypanosoma brucei is a single cell eukaryote that is fairly distant from animals, plants, and fungi

3. Trypanosomiasis affects 70 million people in Africa
80% of reported cases in the Congo
Both types are rare in the U.S. but are possible
Down from 34,000 deaths in 1990 to 9,000 deaths in 2010
Concentration of cases by country

4. Trypanosomiasis Is Transmitted Through Tsetse Flies
Other Forms of Transmission
Mother-to-Child
Blood Transfusion
Sexual Contact (1 reported case)
Close-up of Tsetse Fly during blood meal

5. Trypanosoma have a complex life cycle with two hosts
Life cycle of parasite

6. Trypanosoma have a complex life cycle with two hosts
Life cycle of parasite

7. Trypanosomes Evades the Immune System
Variation in VSGs causes the immune system to fail at stopping the infection

8. Trypanosomiasis is Diagnosed by the Detection of the Parasite
Potential Body Fluids for Detection
Blood
Bone Marrow
Lymph Node Aspirates

9. These are trypanosomes under a microscope in a blood smear
Trypanosoma gambiense in blood smear

10. A Lumbar Puncture is needed to Determine Stage

11. Trypanosomiasis progresses through two stages

12. Trypanosomiasis progresses through two stages

13. Treatment Depends on Type and Stage of Disease
Pentamidine

14. Treatment Depends on Type and Stage of Disease
Suramin

15. Treatment Depends on Type and Stage of Disease
Although the mechanism of melarsoprol action has been extensively studied, it still remains unclear.
Melarsoprol

16. Treatment Depends on Type and Stage of Disease
Suramin has been shown to inhibit all of the glycolytic enzymes in T. b. brucei
Eflornithine

17. Prevention of African Trypanosomiasis is critical
No vaccine
Certain color and type of clothes should be worn
Avoid tsetse fly dense areas
Insect repellent
Fly traps
Spraying of insecticide
Population screening

18. Works Cited
"Parasites - African Trypanosomiasis (also Known as Sleeping Sickness)." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 29 Aug Web. 05 Nov
"African Sleeping Sickness." Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases. Yale School of Medicine, 24 May Web. 05 Nov
"Trypanosoma Brucei." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 11 May Web. 05 Nov
Duffieux. "6-Phosphogluconolactonase." 6-Phosphogluconolactonase. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Nov
"FIND and Standard Diagnostics Inc. Partner to Co-develop and Supply a Point-of-care Test for Sleeping Sickness." FIND, 23 Feb Web. 3 Nov
Sabatini, Robert. The Center For Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, n.d. Web. 05 Nov
Díaz, María V. "Pentamidine Exerts in Vitro and in Vivo Anti Trypanosoma Cruzi Activity and Inhibits the Polyamine Transport in Trypanosoma Cruzi." ELSEVIER B.V., 12 Feb Web. 05 Nov
Bacchi, Cyrus J. "Chemotherapy of Human African Trypanosomiasis." Hindawi, Web. 06 Nov