1. Investment and Productivity

2. Types of Production
Batch - Groups of items are produced together and move from one stage to the next together
Lean - Covers the total enterprise, embracing all aspects of industrial operations (product development, manufacturing, organisation and human resources, customer support) and including customer supplier networks
Job - One off production, producing to order
Flow - Items produced in a continuously moving process
Cell - Workers are organised into multi-skilled teams. Each team is responsible for a particular part of the production process including quality control and health and safety

3. The measurement of a firms efficiency
Productivity
The measurement of a firms efficiency

4. Productivity Improvement
Improve ability level of employees
Improve employee motivation
Improve investment in modern technology
Maintenance of machinery
Improve management
Training

5. Factors affecting productivity
Equipment/ machinery
Non-effective use, Out of date, Lack of investment
Workforce
Lack of incentives, poorly trained, resistance to change
Market competition
Regulatory barriers, poor management

6. Economies of scale Diseconomies of scale
Characterises a production process in which an increase in the number of units produced causes a decrease in the average cost of each unit.
Diseconomies of scale
Are the forces that cause larger firms to produce goods and services at increased per-unit costs.

7. Economies of scale Risk bearing Technical Marketing Managerial
Financial

8. Diseconomies of scale Poor managerial co-ordination Poor communication
Poor employee motivation
Poor managerial co-ordination
Poor communication