1. Title of Presentation Name, e-mail, twitter Institution
Event, Location, Date

2. APARSEN – Project vision
APARSEN is a Network of Excellence that
unifies a diverse set of practitioner organisations and researchers in digital preservation (DP)
brings coherence, cohesion and continuity to research into barriers to the long-term accessibility and usability of digital information and data
builds a long-lived Virtual Centre of Digital Preservation Excellence
Objectives at taking DP to a higher level of recognition within the EU and beyond.

3. EC view on the importance of data in the digital age
Commissioner Neelie Kroes has said[1] “Just as oil was likened to black gold, data takes on a new importance and value in the digital age. Web entrepreneurs assemble and sell content and applications and advertising, based on data. With those efforts they make our lives more convenient and they keep authorities accountable. They live on data, and increasingly so do the rest of us.”
[1]

4. APARSEN – Key messages
Europe must exploit its rich and varied digital resources now and into the future; APARSEN will contribute to a common understanding of digital preservation (DP) and a common vision of the research agenda.
The future is uncertain, we must agree on how to work together to reduce the risks to Europe’s precious digital holdings.
APARSEN will build a Virtual Centre of Digital Preservation Excellence, to ensure that digital preservation will move from being a ‘niche’ concern to be increasingly included into organisations’ work flows.
The High Level Expert Group on Scientific Data asked, in the Riding the Wave[1] report: Just how will we train people to work in this environment? What tools will we need to move, store, preserve and mine these data?
APARSEN will develop coherent training materials and curricula to enable people to attain appropriate skills about DP technologies. [1]

5. APARSEN Common vision on digital preservation (DP)
The APARSEN partners represent a wide range of backgrounds in DP:
Content holders and researchers, libraries and scientific data, many previous projects, …
and will formulate a common vision for the future of DP which has two aspects:
The establishment of a Virtual Centre of Excellence
Common DP research agenda

6. APARSEN Common vision on digital preservation (DP)
APARSEN defines four topics of DP in which it undertakes research of state of the art and gap analysis:
Trust
Sustainability
Usability
Access
APARSEN outcomes feed successively into the common vision in the course of the project.

7. Trust

8. Authenticity and provenance
Authenticity is defined as the degree to which a person regards an object as what it is purported to be.
Authenticity is judged on the basis of evidence.
Evidence consists of provenance information
Provenance is the information that documents the history of the content information
indicates the origin or source of the content information
any changes since it was originated
who has had custody of it since it was originated.

9. Authenticity and provenance - Objectives
Motivations and goals within APARSEN
Review and recommendations of authenticity systems:
Analyze the Outcomes of relevant projects with the aim of building an interoperable framework
Define guidelines to collect authenticity evidence
Analyze the way provenance, fixity and context are currently recorded by partners, and suggest improvements
Provenance interoperability and reasoning:
Map provenance models for interoperability
Develop provenance-based inference rules

10. Authenticity and provenance – Methodology
State of the art
Analysis of outputs of the main research projects, with the regard to authenticity
Analysis of standards and recommendations on management and the certification of ERM and LTDP systems
Analysis and discussion of security issues with regard to secure logging mechanisms
Operational guidelines
Proposal of a common view for capturing and evaluating authenticity evidence
Proposal of detailed guidelines at concrete and operational level for the management of authenticity evidence
Extend the analysis to the whole digital resource lifecycle
Case study analysis
Test the methodology to check how it specializes on specific environments
Test environments selected among NOE partners
Analyze the current practices and propose improvements
Check the implementation of authenticity protocols (according to the CASPAR proposal)

11. Authenticity and provenance – Outcomes
Provenance Interoperability
The availability of mappings between provenance models is crucial for interoperability. In the APARSEN context we discussed the mapping between OPM and CRMdig.
Provenance-based Inference Rules
There is a need for provenance-based inference rules.
Identification of three basic rules accompanied by real world examples.
Provenance-based Inference Rules and Knowledge Evolution
The use of inference rules introduces difficulties with respect to the evolution of knowledge
Two ways to deal with deletions in this context (foundational and coherence semantics)
Based on these a number of update operations were specified that allow knowledge updating under said inference rules.
Although CRMdig and three specific inference rules were confirmed, the general ideas behind this work (including the discrimination between foundational and coherence semantics of deletion) can be applied to other models and/or sets of inference rules.
24/6/2018
Yannis Tzitzikas, FORTH-ICS 11 11

12. Annotation, reputation & data quality
Annotation, data quality, and reputation are important factors in the context of the permanent access to scientific data.
Annotation is information (including metadata) added to data, it is a prerequisite for reuse.
High quality of data is an essential condition of excellent science.
Reputation of the providing infrastructure is essential to attract high quality data and corresponding reuse.

13. Annotation, reputation & data quality – Outcomes
The three factors are strongly interrelated, e.g.:
High quality data result in high reputation of the providing infrastructure.
High reputation supports the demand for high quality data.
Conclusion: information about quality and reputation must be incorporated in annotations, to facilitate appraisal and re-use.

14. Annotation, reputation & data quality – Outcomes
APARSEN will issue a report recapping the Outcomes of an APARSEN-internal survey. In particular it will:
show ways of dealing with annotation, reputation and data quality
document some examples for innovative procedure and
describe a research strategy for these three factors.

15. Peer review/3rd party certification of repositories – Objectives
Quality assurance of scientific information is
a precondition and
an integral part of digital long-term archiving
Expected outcomes:
Report on quality assurance of digital items stored on e-infrastructures such as e.g. research data
Report on quality assurance of scientific e-infrastructures such as repositories

16. Peer review/3rd party certification of repositories – Outcomes
Peer review of research data in scholarly communication
The report documents ideas, developments and discussion concerning the quality assurance of research data.
Focus is placed on action taken by
science,
e-infrastructure and
publishers
These actions are documented and categorized.
Future fields of research are identified based on this enquiry.

17. European Framework for Audit and Certification
There is a hierarchy of ISO standards concerned with good auditing.
ISO is positioned within this hierarchy in order to ensure that these good practices can be applied to the evaluation of the trustworthiness of digital repositories using ISO
It covers principles needed to inspire confidence that third party certification of the management of the digital repository has been performed with impartiality, competence, responsibility, openness, confidentiality, and responsiveness to complaints
Requirements For Bodies Providing Audit And Certification
(ISO )
OAIS
(ISO 14721)
TRAC
Trusted Digital Repositories:
Attributes and Responsibilities
Audit and Certification of Trustworthy Digital Repositories
(ISO )
Audit by certified external auditors
Basic Certification
Data Seal of Approval
Extended
Certification
EUROPEAN FRAMEWORK FOR AUDIT AND CERTIFICATION OF DIGITAL REPOSITORIES
Monitored self-audit using DSA metrics
Monitored self-audit using ISO (or DIN31644 in Germany)
Formal
Certification
Metrics concerning:
Organizational Infrastructure
e.g. The repository shall have a documented history of the changes to its operations, procedures, software, and hardware.
Digital Object Management
e.g. The repository shall have access to necessary tools and resources to provide authoritative Representation Information for all of the digital objects it contains.
Infrastructure and Security Risk Management
eg. The repository shall have procedures in place to evaluate when changes are needed to current software.
See and
Standards will be available free from

18. Common standards - Objectives
To identify common standards - either existing or required new ones - which will enhance the accessibility of information via the interoperability of the systems managed by the partners and the community at large, by performing three major tasks:
Analysis of current standards
Identification of new standards required
Development of roadmap for common standards for Industrial Design and engineering

19. Common standards – Outcomes February 2012
Review of existing standards, documents, recommendations projects and initiatives
Desktop research on generic standards
Focus on communities, EU and non EU funded projects or initiatives
preservation related to processes and file formats
This ground work is the basis for the investigation of the second years period.

20. Common standards – Plans to February 2013
Assessment of the preservation oriented standards
related to applicability given by the OAIS model
focused on usage for the different communities
missing standards will be added by the APARSEN community
classification of reviewed standards according to
applicability regarding community
area of preservation problem
preservation process steps and file formats
Preservation problems like trust, provenance, authenticity sustainability of formats will be tackled.

21. Common standards – Plans to February 2014
Decision trees on the basis of existing standards assessment
Generation of decision trees with required standards for each domain in each step of the preservation activity following the OAIS model approach.
Identifying standards related to domain and preservation problems
Provide a link enabled repository to find applicable standards and detailed standard descriptions
Get compliance with already established preservation standards
Get information about communities or projects dealing with the requirements given by the users

22. Common standards – Plans to December 2014
Recommender service and gap analysis
Recommender service will be improved
Identification of areas lacking in preservation oriented standards
Recommendations for future standardization activities will be documented.

23. Sustainability

24. Cost/benefit data collection and modelling
Two areas of research
Cost parameters:
Review and analysis of published models
Assessment of cost parameters used across the varying models
Cost data collection
Assessment of cost parameters will enable APARSEN partners to provide cost data to test the models
Based on the outcomes of the testing phase certain aspects of costs will be modelled, or cost predictions can be made

25. Cost/benefit data collection and modelling – Outcomes and plans
Research phase is well underway
Analysis of published models will follow
Some partners develop their own models which may be incorporated into the review where appropriate
Detailed plans to ensure progress and momentum
Some partners presented their models at the Knowledge Exchange workshop in Copenhagen in June 2012.

26. Bussiness Cases - Objectives
To devise a methodology for implementing the recommendations of the Blue Ribbon Task Force on economically-sustainable digital preservation...
To draft a roadmap that will
Produce a diagnosis of the current landscape
Give pointers to research libraries including recommendations
What to do, by when and how to become active
To ensure to be properly fit for managing research data in the long run and under sustainable conditions

27. Bussiness Cases – Expected Outcomes
Business Preparedness Report: Reveals the level of preparedness by country for permanent access to digital materials.
Exemplar Business cases for each of the stakeholder groups on what is needed for them to perform their role in ensuring permanent access to Europe’s digital materials
National and international agencies
Funders and sponsors of data creation
Organisations with a stake in long-term access
Interested individuals

28. Preservation services – Objectives
Wide variety of services that have relevance to preservation
Offered by people (e.g. audit of repositories) or as
IT components (e.g. registries of representation information or formats)
Services help organisations preserve their digital holdings against changes in hardware, software, environment and knowledge bases of designated communities.
APARSEN with its wide range of partners’ backgrounds
collects information on services
compares them in terms of scope and applicability
maps out the requirements.

29. Brokerage services - Objectives
Brokerage of data holdings
Offering services to repositories to preserve their data holdings
Develop processes to hand over data holdings to preserving institutions
Develop mechanisms how data holdings could register their data sets for DP
Identify repositories to offer to host data
Brokerage of hardware and software for:
physical no longer readable media such as tapes, removable disks or
datasets without appropriate software
Systems to provide information about availability of hardware and software
 Develop a registration system for bringing data preservation offering and data preservation seeking institutions together

30. Storage solutions - Objectives
Storage is a central component in any preservation solution
requires special functionalities in order to adequately address the need of a preservation system.
Needs for storage may vary substantially, e.g. in required capacity, number of objects, size of a typical object, geographical locations.
New technological approaches are required that meet the legal, business, cost, and scalability requirements
Storage-as-a-Service such as Cloud Storage as the basic storage for preservation systems.
 Identification and comparison of partners’ needs in DP and analysis of their currently used storage approaches and technical solutions.
 Identification of conditions under which external storage services would be used by partners

31. Usability

32. Common test environments – Objectives
Identify previous test environments to learn from their Outcomes
Capturing what worked well & what didn’t
Provide the consortium with a common & unbiased view of the current State-of-the-Art in test techniques and tools
Provide access to Test Environments where available to do so

33. Common test environments – Outcomes
Initial investigations and documentation of historical information relating to previous digital preservation test environments
Proposal for a “Test Environment Evaluation Framework”
Participants enhanced their test environments to improve capabilities
Tessella provides access to a “Preservation as a Service” system for test purposes to WP partners

34. Interoperability and intelligibility – Objectives
Research and development of techniques to support interoperability of data between organisations and disciplines
Research and development of common services and models to support interoperability
Intelligibility Modelling and Reasoning
Semantic Interoperability and Scientific Data

35. Interoperability and intelligibility – Expected outcomes
Interoperability Objectives and Approaches (Dec 2012)
Gather interoperability objectives and guidelines and
Propose interoperability services, standard models, formats and virtualisation models and interfaces
Interoperability Strategies (August 2013)
Propose a methodology for capturing, modelling, managing and exploiting various interoperability dependencies
Emphasis on reasoning services

36. Access

37. Identifiers and citability – Objectives and task relations
M12
D22.2
M32

38. Identifiers and citability – Outcomes (M12)
Survey and Benchmarking
State of the art analysis:
Feature analysis: Persistent Identifier (PI) systems for digital objects and authors
PI interoperability: analysis of related projects (e.g. ORCID, PersID, RIDIR, OKKAM…).
Survey on Persistent Identifier (PI) systems for:
digital objects, authors and organizations (103 respondents)  uses and practices, criteria for adoption, Limits, user requirements
Benchmark assessment:
Eligibility criteria for the interoperability framework
Definition of possible scenarios about the use of the interoperability framework  use cases (who, what, why, where, when, how, issues).

39. Identifiers and citability – Interoperability framework (IF)
Main objective:
Identify basic concepts within the universe of PI systems (and their interoperability), creating the ground for developing appropriate interoperability solutions and services
Main assumptions:
In the IF we consider only entities identified by at least one PI
Only PI Domains (PIDs) that meet some criteria are eligible to be considered in the IF: trusted PI systems
We delegate the responsibility to define relations among resources to Trusted PIDs
We don’t address digital preservation issues directly

40. Identifiers and citability – Outcomes (M12)
Interoperability framework: definition of a conceptual interoperability model which includes:
Concepts and their properties
Relationships between concepts

41. Identifiers and citability – conclusions and next steps
This work defines a framework to set up the conditions of the interoperability among PI systems (key entities and their relationships)
Interoperability and implications for persistence.
The Framework is thought to support the design and development of new interoperability services (citability, scientific production metrics, knowledge discovery).
Report on set of added value services and evaluation of user satisfaction

42. Scalability – Objectives
Identify important factors for scalability
Capacity
Distribution
Sharing
Security
Availability
Study how preservation services can be shared among curators / users, as means for reducing cost
Scalability of services
Recommendations about scalability

43. Scalability – Objectives
Research questions
Storage Cloud technologies – can they address scalability needs for preservations?
What’s missing, and how to extend today’s technologies to address the gaps?
What are the key inhibitors for sharing infrastructure?
Security
Cost effectiveness
Testing real environments

44. Data policies and governance - Objectives
Devise a methodology for implementing the data access policy management mechanisms
Identify those who are responsible for implementing governance and data policies
Make recommendations on common governance and data policy management mechanisms to ensure legal and technical interoperability for permanent access to Europe’s digital materials
Work on this starts at March 2013

45. Spreading Excellence

46. Liaison with Stakeholders – Objectives
Reach out beyond our present APARSEN consortium
Help avoid fragmentism and siloism in DP activities
Strive for convergence by mutual engagement
Explore the opoortunities for joint standardisation
Outcomes:
Stakeholder identification and communication strategy
Expected outcome:
Roadmap for common standardisation opportunities

47. APARSEN partners Networks and multiplier orgs
International liaison
Stakeholders outside the DP Community
Memory and Archival Inst EU
Networks and multiplier orgs
APARSEN partners
External Advisory Committee
5 Categories of Stakeholders, inc partners
Engagement intensifies closer to the centre
Individual DP experts as mentioned in DoW B2.1.4
Close engagement intended to establish VCoE (Network of Networks), in EU and beyond

48. External Advisory Committee
Group of DP experts who will provide:
feedback on APARSEN
links with other organisations within the community in the EU and around the world
Most active stakeholders around the world to be represented
25 to 40 people
From all continents
Recognised as true DP experts
With many links to organisations and institutions active in DP

49. Composition Ext Adv Committee
Category
Number
Continent
Preservation Coalitions 11
2x Int, 4x US, 1x EU, 2x UK, Brazil, India, Ger
Government, funding, policy 4
UK, US, SA, Can
Research 12
1x Int, 2x UK, 4x US, NL, SA, Can, Aust, China
National Libraries, Archives
US, NL, DK, Finl

50. Visualisation of Expert Centres in DP – Interactive Map of Stakeholders

51. Formal Qualifications – Objectives
Research current digital preservation education activities
Assess their coverage in terms of course content and geographical take-up
Develop model curricula for higher education degree courses on digital preservation
Initiate a continuing professional development framework for digital preservation practitioners
Implement educational portal for APARSEN training materials
Collect existing training materials and develop course content in collaboration with other APARSEN WPs.

52. Training Courses – Objectives
To analyse current training provision and practitioner needs to help define courses
To develop short courses that will cover:
General digital preservation best practice
Topics investigated by APARSEN’s research and integration work packages
To produce training targeting specific audiences, many of whom have not been catered for in the past
e.g. particular industries or sectors
To make training material available online

53. Training Courses – Expected outcome
Report on Survey of Training Material/ Assessment of Digital Curation Requirements (April 2012)
Training courses
Hold at least 8 training courses, a mix of week-long courses and shorter focused events (2013/2014)
Develop online training resource centre (Dec 2013)

54. Staff and experience exchange – Objectives
To encourage the development of a well-connected and highly skilled generation of professional leaders
To open up the work of the APARSEN network through the exchange of staff between partner institutions
To embed a deeper and more permanent cross understanding of processes and practices between organisations
To facilitate at least 10 staff exchanges during the lifetime of APARSEN

55. External workshops, symposia and events – Objectives
Organise workshops and symposia involving participants outside the consortium.
Spread information and build up a network of stakeholders
Existing industrial and engineering networks will be addressed
Inform stakeholders outside the consortium about digital preservation issues.
A network of “Digital Preservation Influencers” will be initiated.
Contributing to make APARSEN a network of networks

56. Internal workshops, symposia and events – Objectives
To ensure that knowledge is spread between partners in order to develop an integrated conceptual view
To coordinate and align activities carried out in the different streams and work packages of the APARSEN project
To present (preliminary) outcomes of the project within the partner organisations

57. External communications and awareness raising
Production of publicity material
Issue of newsletters
Spread results via social media
Keep website up to date
Support all partners in their communication activities

58. Virtual Centre of Excellence

59. Virtual Centre of Excellence - VCoE
The VCoE‘s aim is to bring the capabilities, knowledge and expertise together from diverse teams across geographical and organization boundaries to create something exemplary and distinguishable within its domain.
Among beneficiaries we may expect:
Researchers in DP
Research data producers
Information curators
Decision makers
Suppliers of products for preservation

60. Virtual Centre of Excellence - VCoE
After the end of the project…
…we should have the start of the Virtual Centre of Excellence where members see real benefits through coming together and exchanging information and ideas on digital preservation…

61. Network of Excellence