1. Warm Up – Accelerated Classes
From yesterday’s activity – How could the disappearance of wolves from the ecosystem affect the population of other species?
Video clip

2. Warm Up
1. How do these organisms interact with each other?

3. Warm Up
2. How do these organisms interact with each other?

4. Warm Up
3. How do these organisms interact with each other?

5. Types of Interactions Among Living Things

6. Interactions with the Environment
Most living things produce more offspring than will survive. This is known as overproduction.
So why are we not overrun with frogs or fish?

7. Limiting Factors
Organisms interact with the biotic & abiotic factors in their environment.
Populations cannot grow without stopping.
Limiting factor – a resource that is so scarce that it limits the size of a population.
Limits on the amount of: (examples)
Food
Water
Living space
Other resources

8. Carrying Capacity
Carrying capacity – the largest population that an environment can support.
When a population grows larger than its carrying capacity, limiting factors in the environment cause individuals to die off or leave, returning the population to a size that the environment can support.

9. Interactions Among Organisms
Competition
Predation
Symbiosis

10. Adaptations
Every organism has a variety of adaptations (characteristics) that are suited to its specific conditions which help the organism to survive.
The adaptations can also assist them in their interactions with other organisms.

11. 1. Competition
Competition – when two or more individuals or populations try to use the same resources.
Compete for:
Food, water, shelter, space, sunlight
Adaptations enable organisms to reduce competition.

12. Competition in a Population
Example:
The elks in Yellowstone National Park are herbivores that compete with each other for food plants in the park.

13. Competition in a Community
Example:
Competition also happens between different populations (within a community).
Different species of plants compete with each other for sunlight and space.

14. 2. Predation
An interaction in which one organism hunts and kills another organism for food is called predation.
Predator
the hunter
Prey
the hunted
Video clip: The Battle at Kruger

15. Predator Adaptations Helps them catch & kill their prey Speed
Stingers, toxins, sharp teeth
Camouflage
Night vision

16. Prey Adaptations
Also known as “defense strategies” to avoid predation:
Camouflage
Protective coverings
Warning coloring
Defensive chemicals
Mimicry
False coloring

17. Prey blend in to their environment to avoid being eaten by predators.
Camouflage

18. Protective Coverings
Hedgehog

19. Warning Coloring
Bright colors warn predators that the prey may be poisonous and to stay away!

20. Some animals defend themselves with chemicals.
Defensive Chemicals

21. The ability some animals have to resemble another animal so closely that they can fool either their prey or their predators.
Mimicry
Monarch
Coral Snake
Viceroy
King Snake

22. False Coloring
Used to trick predators

23. “Who You Callin’ Ugly?”
Do you think it is beneficial for each of these organisms to look they way they do? Why or why not?

24. Odd or interesting trait: How is this trait beneficial to the animal?
“Who You Callin’ Ugly?”
Read the article on pgs (Science World, 2/14/2011).
What is an adaptation?
Complete the following chart:
Animal:
Odd or interesting trait:
How is this trait beneficial to the animal?
Proboscis Monkey
Leaf-Tailed Gecko
Wrinkle-Faced Bat
Star-Nosed Mole
Marabou Stork
Sea Pig

25. 3. Symbiosis
Symbiosis is a close relationship between two species that benefits at least one of the species.
3 types:
Mutualism
Commensalism
Parasitism

26. Mutualism A relationship in which both species benefit Ex: Positive
clownfish & sea anemone

27. Commensalism
A relationship in which one species benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed
Neutral
Ex:
gray whale
covered in
barnacles

28. Parasitism
Involves one organism living on or inside another organism and harming it!
Negative
Parasite – the organism that benefits
Host – the organism that is harmed
Ex:
Tapeworms

29. “Tortoise Tales” Symbiosis Activity
Journal
Chart

30. “Symbiotic Relations” Video Activity
Watch each of the videos:
Observe the different ways that the organisms interact.
Do you notice any unexpected behaviors? Can you explain these behaviors?

31. “Symbiotic Relations” Video Activity
Individually, answer the questions on the Symbiotic Relations sheet.
As a group, discuss your answers and make any modifications.
Complete the Interactions Circle.