1. TENSES

2. What is a tense?
A tense is a form taken by verb to show the time of an action. There are three main tenses:
Present tense : things that are true when the words are spoken or written; or are generally true; or for some languages will be true in the future.
Past tense :things that were true before the words were spoken or written.
Future tense : things that will or might be true after the words are spoken or written.

3. Present Continous Tense Present Perfect Continous Tense
Simple Present Tense
Simple Present Tense
Form :
Affirmative ( S+Verb1 (-s/es))
I listen to the radio every morning S V O
Negative (S+Don’t/Doesn’t+Verb1)
I don’t listen to the radio every morning.
Interrogative (Do/Does+S+Verb1)
Does she listen to the radio every morning.
Present Continous Tense
Present Perfect Tense
Present Perfect Continous Tense

4. Present Continous Tense Present Perfect Continous Tense
Simple Present Tense
The simple present tense is used:
To express habits, general truths, repeated actions or unchanging situations, emotions and wishes: Example : She drinks tea for breakfast. (habit)
I work in London. (unchanging situation)
Jakata is a crowded city. (general truth)
To give instructions or directions: Example : You walk for two hundred metres, then you turn left.
Present Continous Tense
Present Perfect Tense
Present Perfect Continous Tense

5. Present Continous Tense Present Perfect Continous Tense
To express fixed arrangements, present or future:
Example : Your exam starts at 09.00
To express future time, after some conjunctions: after, when, before, as soon as, until:
Example : He'll give it to you when you come next Saturday.
Simple Present Tense
Present Continous Tense
Present Perfect Tense
Present Perfect Continous Tense

6. Present Continous Tense Present Perfect Continous Tense
Simple Present Tense
Time Signals:
Notice:
Always
Subjects (I,You,We, and They) use “Do” and don’t use (Verb s/es).
Usually
Often
Subjects (He, She, and It) use “Does” and use (Verb s/es).
Sometimes
Normally
Every day...
Present Continous Tense
Present Perfect Tense
Present Perfect Continous Tense

7. Present Continous Tense Present Perfect Continous Tense
Form :
Affirmative (S + To be(am/is/are) +Verb-ing)
Ita is kicking a ball.
Negative (S + To be + Not + Verb-ing)
Ita is not kicking a ball.
Interrogative (To be + S + Verb-ing)
Is she kicking a ball.
Simple Present Tense
Present Continous Tense
Present Perfect Tense
Present Perfect Continous Tense

8. Present Continous Tense Present Perfect Continous Tense
Simple Present Tense
The Present Continous Tense is used:
To express the idea that something is happening now, at this very moment. It can also be used to show that something is not happening now.
Examples: You are learning English now.
You are not swimming now.
To say that we are in the process of doing a longer action which is in progress; however, we might not be doing it at this exact second.
Examples : I am studying to become a doctor.
Are you working on any special projects at work?
Present Continous Tense
Present Perfect Tense
Present Perfect Continous Tense

9. Present Continous Tense Present Perfect Continous Tense
Simple Present Tense
Continuous to indicate that something will or will not happen in the near future.
Example : She is not going to the party tonight.
Is he visiting his parents next weekend?
ADVERB PLACEMENT
The placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc.
Note: In English, "now" can mean: this second, today, this month, this year, this century, and so on.
Present Continous Tense
Present Perfect Tense
Present Perfect Continous Tense

10. Present Continous Tense Present Perfect Continous Tense
Present Perfect Tense
Form :
Affirmative (S + Have/has+Verb-3/Past Participle)
He has seen that movie many times.
Negative (S + Have/has+ Not + Verb-3/Past Partciple)
You have nott seen that movie many times.
Interrogative (Have/Has + S + Verb-3/Past Participle)
Have you seen that movie many times?
Simple Present Tense
Present Continous Tense
Present Perfect Tense
Present Perfect Continous Tense

11. Present Continous Tense Present Perfect Continous Tense
Simple Present Tense
The Present Perfect Tense is used :
To say that an action happened at an unspecified time before now. We can use the Present Perfect with unspecific expressions such as: ever, never, once, many times, several times, before, so far, already, yet, etc.
Example : I think I have met him once before.
Nobody has ever climbed that mountain.
Present Continous Tense
Present Perfect Tense
Present Perfect Continous Tense

12. Present Continous Tense Present Perfect Continous Tense
It is best to associate Present Perfect with the following topics:
To describe your experience
Eg. I have been to France three times.
2. To talk about change that has happened over a period of time.
Eg. The government has become more interested in arts education.
To list the accomplishments of individuals and humanity. You cannot mention a specific time.
Eg. Doctors have cured many deadly diseases.
Simple Present Tense
Present Continous Tense
Present Perfect Tense
Present Perfect Continous Tense

13. Present Continous Tense Present Perfect Continous Tense
4. To say that an action which we expected has not happened. Eg. Susan hasn't mastered Japanese, but she can communicate. 5. Multiple actions at different times. Eg. I have had four quizzes and five tests so far this semester Note: Sometimes, we want to limit the time we are looking in for an experience. We can do this with expressions such as: in the last week, in the last year, this week, this month, so far, up to now, etc.
Simple Present Tense
Present Continous Tense
Present Perfect Tense
Present Perfect Continous Tense

14. Present Continous Tense Present Perfect Continous Tense
Simple Present Tense
Present Perfect Continous Tense
Form :
Affirmative (S + Have/has+been+Verb-ing)
Miley has been sleeping for two hours.
Negative (S + Have/has+ Not + Been+Verb-ing)
She has not been sleeping for two hours.
Interrogative (Have/Has + S + Been+Verb-ing)
Has she beeen sleeping for two hours?
Present Continous Tense
Present Perfect Tense
Present Perfect Continous Tense

15. Past Perfect Continous Tense
Simple Past Tense
Form :
Affirmative ( S+Verb-2/Past Participle)
Shanti called my brother yesterday S V O
Negative (S +Did+ Not+ Verb1)
She din’t call my brother yesterday..
Interrogative (Did +S +Verb1)
Did she call my brother yesterday?
Simple Past Tense
Past Continous Tense
Past Perfect Tense
Past Perfect Continous Tense

16. Past Perfect Continous Tense
The Simple Past Tense is used:
To express the idea that an action started and finished at a specific time in the past.
Eg. My mother washed her car.
To list a series of completed actions in the past.
Eg. I finished work, walked to the beach, and found a nice place to swim.
Duration in past.
Eg. Shauna studied Japanese for five years.
Simple Past Tense
Past Continous Tense
Past Perfect Tense
Past Perfect Continous Tense

17. Past Perfect Continous Tense
Simple Past Tense
To describe a habit which stopped in the past.
Eg. Willy worked at the movie theater after school.
To describe past facts or generalizations which are no longer true.
Eg. Ita’s Brother didn’t like tomatoes before.
Past Continous Tense
Past Perfect Tense
Past Perfect Continous Tense

18. Past Perfect Continous Tense
Past Continous Tense
Form :
Affirmative (S + To be(Was/Were) +Verb-ing)
John was studying at 8 pm. last night.
Negative (S + To be (Was/Were) + Not + Verb-ing)
John was not studying at 8 pm. last night.
Interrogative (To be (Was/Were) + S + Verb-ing)
Was he studying at 8 pm. last night?
Simple Past Tense
Past Continous Tense
Past Perfect Tense
Past Perfect Continous Tense

19. Past Perfect Continous Tense
Simple Past Tense
The Past Continous Tense is used:
To indicate that a longer action in the past was interrupted.
Eg. When the phone rang, she was writing a letter.
To specific Time as an Interruption
Eg. Yesterday at this time, I was sitting at my desk at work.
Note: In the Simple Past, a specific time is used to show when an action began or finished. In the Past Continuous, a specific time only interrupts the action.
Past Continous Tense
Past Perfect Tense
Past Perfect Continous Tense

20. Past Perfect Continous Tense
Expresses the idea that both actions were happening at the same time.
Eg. While Ellen was reading, Tim was watching television.
To describe the atmosphere at a particular time in the past.
Eg. When I walked into the office, several people were busily typing, some were talking on the phones, the boss was yelling directions, and customers were waiting to be helped. One customer was yelling at a secretary and waving his hands. Others were complaining to each other about the bad service.
Simple Past Tense
Past Continous Tense
Past Perfect Tense
Past Perfect Continous Tense

21. Past Perfect Continous Tense
Simple Past Tense
While vs. When Clauses are groups of words which have meaning, but are often not complete sentences. Some clauses begin with the word "when" such as "when she called" or "when it bit me." Other clauses begin with "while" such as "while she was sleeping" and "while he was surfing." When you talk about things in the past, "when" is most often followed by the verb tense Simple Past, whereas "while" is usually followed by Past Continuous. "While" expresses the idea of "during that time." Study the examples below. They have similar meanings, but they emphasize different parts of the sentence.
Past Continous Tense
Past Perfect Tense
Past Perfect Continous Tense

22. Past Perfect Continous Tense
Past Perfect Tense
Form :
Affirmative (S + Had+Verb-3/Past Participle)
He has seen that movie many times.
Negative (S + Had+ Not + Verb-3/Past Partciple)
You have nott seen that movie many times.
Interrogative (Had+ S + Verb-3/Past Participle)
Have you seen that movie many times?
Simple Past Tense
Past Continous Tense
Past Perfect Tense
Past Perfect Continous Tense

23. Past Perfect Continous Tense
Simple Past Tense
Past Perfect Continous Tense
Form :
Affirmative (S + Had+been+Verb-ing)
The cat had been eating the meat.
Negative (S + Had+ Not + Been+Verb-ing)
The cat had not been eating the meat.
Interrogative (Had+ S + Been+Verb-ing)
Had the cat been eating the meat?
Past Continous Tense
Past Perfect Tense
Past Perfect Continous Tense

24. Past Perfect Continous Tense
The Past Perfect Continous Tense is used:
To show that something started in the past and continued up until another time in the past.
Eg. Mike wanted to sit down because he had been standing all day at work.
Using the Past Perfect Continuous before another action in the past is a good way to show cause and effect.
Eg. Betty failed the final test because she had not been attending class.
Simple Past Tense
Past Continous Tense
Past Perfect Tense
Past Perfect Continous Tense

25. Future Continous Tense
Simple Future Tense Simple Future has two different forms in English: "will" and "be going to." Although the two forms can sometimes be used interchangeably, they often express two very different meanings. These different meanings might seem too abstract at first, but with time and practice, the differences will become clear. Both "will" and "be going to" refer to a specific time in the future.
Simple Future Tense
Future Continous Tense

26. Future Continous Tense
Future Tense “Will”
Form :
Affirmative ( S+Will+Verb-1)
John willl finish his homework.
Negative (S+Will+Not+Verb-1)
John will not finish his homework.
Interrogative (Will+S+Verb-1)
Will John finish his homework?
Simple Future Tense
Future Continous Tense

27. Future Continous Tense
Future Tense “Be Going To ”
Form :
Affirmative ( S+To be+ Going To+Verb-1)
My father is going to paint the house tomorrow.
Negative (S+Tobe+Not+ Going to+Verb-1)
My father is not going to paint the house tomorrow.
Interrogative (To be+S+Going To+Verb-1)
Is my father going to paint the house tomorrow?
Simple Future Tense
Future Continous Tense

28. Future Continous Tense
Future tense “Will” is used :
To respond to someone else's complaint or request for help or make decision.
Eg. Marry will send you the information when she get it.
To express a promise.
Eg. I promise I will not tell him about the surprise party.
To express a prediction
Eg. John Smith will be the next President
Simple Future Tense
Future Continous Tense

29. Future Continous Tense
Future tense “Will” is used :
To express a plan
Eg. She is not going to spend her vacation in Hawaii.
To express a prediction
Eg. John Smith is going to be the next President.
Simple Future Tense
Future Continous Tense

30. Future Continous Tense
Future Continous Tense “Will”
Form :
Affirmative ( S+Will+Be+Verb-ing)
I will be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight.
Negative (S+Will+Not+Be+Verb-ing)
I will not be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight.
Interrogative (Will+S+Be+Verb-ing)
Simple Future Tense
Future Continous Tense

31. Future Continous Tense
Future Continous Tense “Be Going To ”
Form :
Affirmative ( S+To be+ Going To+Be+Verb-ing)
My father is going to be painting the house tomorrow.
Negative (S+Tobe+Not+ Going to+ Be+Verb-ing)
My father is not going to be painting the house tomorrow.
Interrogative (To be+S+Going To+Be+Verb-ing)
Is my father going to be painting the house tomorrow?
Simple Future Tense
Future Continous Tense

32. Thanks a lot for your attention....
Created by Reza Yusran Pratama