1. Rocks: mixture of minerals.

2. Classification by origin

3. Igneous
Formed by the cooling and crystallizing of magma and lava.

4. Magma is intrusive.
cools slowly.
Forms large interlocking crystals.

5. Ex. Granite
Most common rock.
Contains: feldspar, quartz, and mica

6. Lava is extrusive. cools quickly. Small or no crystals. Ex. Obsidian
Looks like black glass.
Pumice: floats
Basalt: black sand

7. Sedimentary Rocks
Mostly made of
Sediment from weathering and erosion

8. Sedimentary Rocks Formed by compacting and cementing of sediments
Cementing: the binding together of particles or other things by cement.
Compacting: compress/smush

9. Sedimentary Rocks
Lithification: processing which sediments compact under pressure, expel fluids through and
to gradually become solid rock.
Compacting
Cementing

10. Geologists classify sedimentary rocks based on formation
Sediments are laid down in layers.

11. Clastic Made from Sediments-
sand (Si02) clay, gravel, pebbles, and animal remains.
Breccia

12. Bioclastic Organic in origin Large or visible living things
Reacts to acid

13. Chemical/ Crystalline
precipitated directly from solution.
Ex. Rock Salt
And Limestone (sometimes)

14. Examples-of Clastic Conglomerate- rounded pebbles, sand, etc.
Sandstone- mostly sand
Shale- packed clay

15. Chemical
Limestone: if formed from a solution such as stalactites and stalagmites.

16. Chemical
Rock salt: evaporation of sea water

17. Organic/Bioclastic Coal: plant matter carbonization
Chalk: gradual accumulation of tiny calcite shells(microrganisims)
Limestone: Composed mainly of skeletal fragments of marine organisms such as coral

18. Coquina- shell pieces
Reacts to acid because of
(CALCITE)
COQUINA FROM FORT ST. AUGUSTINE

19. Metamorphic rocks Metamorphic rocks- “changed-over rocks”
Changed by adding heat and pressure to existing rocks.
Ex. GNEISS

20. All metamorphic rocks come from a parent rock(what it came from)
Granite changes to Gneiss
Sandstone changes to Quartzite
Limestone changes to Marble-reacts to acid
Shale changes to slate
Shale or slate to schist
Bituminous coal to Anthracite coal

21. 2 Forms of Metamorphism Ex ; GNEISS
Regional- by squeezing under heat and pressure over large areas of rocks
Contact- melting and recrystalizing from the contact of magma
Ex ; GNEISS
quartzite

22. 2 types of rock texture Ex ; GNEISS
Foliated: rocks with visible parallel bands
Formed:
Regional metamorphisim
Ex ; GNEISS

23. Foliated:
Layers
Ex. SCHIST

24. Nonfoliated ; no apparent banding Fromed: Contact metamorphism
quartzite
Nonfoliated ; no apparent banding
Fromed:
Contact metamorphism
MARBLE