1. Nativism
Chapter 13 Section 1

2. Nativism Resurges
Increased immigration = increased nativism
WHY?

3. Nativism Resurges
Surfaced first during large Irish immigration (1840s/1850s)
Late 1800s—Asians, Jews, eastern Europeans

4. Nativism Resurges Nativists Labor unions
Feared influx of Catholic immigrants (Ireland, Italy, Poland) would over run Protestant states
Labor unions
Immigrants undermined American workers
Immigrants would take jobs for lower wages or work during a strike (strikebreakers)
Anti-immigrant organizations formed

5. Anti-Catholic American Protective Association Irish
Henry Bowers (1887)
Anti-Catholic
Vowed not to hire/vote for Catholics
Irish
Escaping famine/hardship
Illiterate
Lowest paying work
Miners, dockhands, ditch-diggers, factory workers
Women: cooks, servants, mill workers

6. Anti-Catholic Dominate culture Protestant British culture
Believed Irish:
Lazy
Superstitious
Ignorant
Useless

7. Federal Law Several presidents vetoed anti-immigration laws, but… 1882
law banned convicts, paupers, mentally disabled
50 cent tax per head

8. Federal Law Anti-Chinese feelings often led to violence Denis Kearney
Irish immigrant
Workingman’s Party of California (1870)
Fight Chinese immigration

9. Chinese Exclusion Act 1882 Barred Chinese immigration for 10 yrs
Chinese already in country couldn’t become citizens
U.S. Chinese  letter writing campaign, petitioned pres, filed suit in fed court  fail
Congress renewed law in 1892
Permanent in 1902
Not repealed until 1943

10. Anti-Chinese
1906—San Fran Board of Edu  all Chinese, Japanese, Korean children to attend racially segregated school (Chinese already segregated since 1859)
Japan took offense
“Gentleman’s Agreement”—Theodore Roosevelt made a deal  limit Japanese immigration if no segregation

11. Literacy Debate
1905—Commission recommended literacy test as part of admission to U.S. (in any language)
“New Immigrants”
Dumber
Taft and Wilson vetoed legislation
Legislation passed in 1917 OVER Wilson’s 2nd veto
Purpose: reduce immigration from southeastern Europe