1. IMPERIALISM IN EGYPT, CHINA, & JAPAN

2. EGYPT & THE SUEZ CANAL
Originally France interested in Egypt for strategic location (Red Sea), but Napoleon failed

3. EGYPT & THE SUEZ CANAL
Egypt interested in modernizing like Europe, so figured they need to trade like Europe
Decided to build man-made waterway that cut through Suez, connecting Red Sea to Mediterranean  SUEZ CANAL

4. EGYPT & THE SUEZ CANAL
Time Saved: 2 weeks
Miles Saved: 4,000

5. EGYPT & THE SUEZ CANAL
Had to borrow $$ from France ($450 million!), but found they could not pay back the debt
Britain jumped on the chance to oversee financial control of the canal  by 1882 British occupied Egypt
Canal was “Lifeline of the British Empire” b/c allowed quicker access to its colonies in Asia and Africa

6. REFORM IN CHINA China proud of their culture
& many work opportunities 
very self-sufficient
Not interested in gadgets
West was offering;
only in agriculture  did not want to trade w/ Europeans
But Europeans wanted access to Chinese goods & resources (especially tea)

7. REFORM IN CHINA
Britain determined to find something Chinese wanted to trade…OPIUM!
Habit-forming drug; Chinese doctors used it for pain relief for centuries
By 1835, 12 million Chinese addicted & rising
Qing Emperor asked Britain to stop, but refused  led to OPIUM WAR ( )
British victory, gained island of Hong Kong

8. REFORM IN CHINA

9. REFORM IN CHINA Results of Opium War:
China divided into spheres of influence
Increase in Western trade & influence in Asia
Britain gains island of Hong Kong
Taiping Rebellion  revolt of the people against the emperor

10. REFORM IN CHINA
Due to Opium addiction, China no longer productive & people hungry
Europeans taking advantage of China’s growing problems
Had to declare “Open Door Policy” to keep from being divided up & colonized like Africa

11. REFORM IN CHINA
Poor peasants/workers resented foreign influence  formed secret organization, Society of Harmonious Fists (aka Boxers)
Wanted to get rid of Qing Dynasty, started BOXER REBELLION
Rebellion failed, but nationalism rose; started to travel West to examine government structures

12. REFORM IN CHINA

13. JAPAN & MEIJI ERA 1600s, Japan was isolated (“closed door”)
US Commodore
Matthew Perry took ships/
weapons to Japan & demand
they open trade  signed
Treaty of Kanagawa &
opened 2 ports to all
Japanese angry & overthrew Tokugawa Shogun

14. JAPAN & MEIJI ERA New MEIJI ERA rules (“Enlightened”)
Figured if you can’t beat ‘em,
join ‘em  adopted
European modern ways
Knew wouldn’t be taken over now, so decided to become imperialists too
Established colonies in China
Now Japan & Russia major powers in Asia

15. JAPAN & MEIJI ERA
Both Russia & Japan want Manchuria for natural resources  RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR (Japan victory)
Japan went after Korea & won  established a protectorate & annexation (direct rule)

16. FORMS OF IMPERIAL MANAGEMENT
&
UNITED STATES TERRITORIES & HAWAII

17. DIRECT RULE vs. INDIRECT RULE
Foreign officials brought in to rule
No self-rule
Goal: assimilation
European style government
COLONY
Examples:
French colonies
German colonies
Portuguese Colonies
Indirect Rule:
Local government officials rule
Limited self-rule
Goal: develop future leaders
European style government, but some local rules
COLONY or PROTECTORATE
Examples:
British colonies
U.S. colonies on Pacific Islands

18. PROTECTORATE vs. SPHERE OF INFLUENCE
Country or territory with its own internal government, but under control of an outside power
Example:
Britain over the Niger River delta
Sphere of Influence
Area in which an outside power claims exclusive investment or trading privileges
Example:
U.S. over Liberia

19. U.S. TERRITORIES AND HAWAII
U.S. acquired Philippine Islands, Puerto Rico, & Guam as trading territories
1790s: U.S. interested in Hawaii  port on the way to China and East India
1820s: U.S. sugar plantations took over Hawaii  75% of Hawaii’s wealth
U.S. wanted to annex (to bring in) Hawaii so sugar could be sold for greater profit
Queen Liliuokalani wanted to rid Hawaii of American sugar planters & take more power  was removed from power
1894: Sanford Dole named new president of Republic of Hawaii
1898: Republic of Hawaii annexed by U.S. (50th state)