1. Sentence Structure

2. What is a Clause?
A clause is a group of words that contains both a subject and verb.
There are two clauses DEPENDENT and INDEPENDENT.
DEPENDENT clauses have a subject and verb, but they do not make sense by themselves. They depend on something else in order to make sense.
INDEPENDENT clauses have a subject and verb and are complete thoughts. They can stand alone.

3. Subordinating Conjunctions
after
how
till
although if
unless as
until
as if
in order that
when
as long as
lest
whenever
as much as
now that
where as
soon as
provided (that)
wherever

4. Sub. Conjunctions Cont. as though since while because so that before
than
even if
that
even though
who
where
though

5. Example Dependent Clause
Before we start
After the sun went down
While we waited
When we were younger

6. Example Independent Clauses
We will say a prayer.
We made a bonfire on the beach.
We listened to our iPods.
We played silly games.

7. Simple and Compound Sentences
Simple Sentence = ONE independent clause and NO dependent clauses.
Ex. Brandy’s favorite assignment is writing.
Compound Sentence = Two or more independent clauses and NO dependent clauses.
Ex. Brandy likes to write; she loves the challenge.

8. Complex Sentences
Complex Sentence = ONE independent clause and one or more dependent clauses.
Ex. When we went fishing, I had no luck.
Ex. The president of student council, who is my best friend, is a true leader.
Ex. I love the way she sings because she sounds like an angel.

9. Kinds of Dependent Clauses
Adjective Clause = a dependent clause used as an adjective.
It answers the questions: what kind, which one, how many, or how much.
Adjective clauses usually start with words such as: who, whom, whose, that, or which.
Ex. Max is a student who likes to learn.

10. Kinds of Dependent Clauses
Adverb Clause = a dependent clause used as an adverb.
It answers the questions: where, when, why, how, to what extent, and under what conditions.
Adverb clauses usually start with words such as: before, because, or when.
Ex. Because the weather was bad, school was cancelled.

11. Kinds of Dependent Clauses
Noun Clause – a dependent clause used as a noun.
It can be used as a subject, P.N., D.O., I.O., or O.P.
Noun clauses can start with words such as: that, whomever, whichever, what, or who.
Ex. Whoever is making that noise must stop!

12. Compound-Complex Sentences
A compound-complex sentence = TWO or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.
Ex. While we were waiting, she challenged me to a game of tic-tac-toe, and I won!