1. Question #10: What are the advantages, disadvantages, technical challenges and cost implications of using non-distance protection when compared to using distance protection on series compensated line protection applications?
Alexander Apostolov
Notes
Calgary, September 14, 2005

2. Introduction Performance and cost implications need to be considered
Distance protection without communications
Directional comparison with communications
Distance protection with communications

3. Permissive Directional Comparison
AND
DIR FWD
Signal Send
Signal Receive
Trip Z1 Z2
Z2t Z3
Z3t OR TX RX F1 F2 Z1 Z2 Z3

4. Permissive Overreaching Hybrid
AND
DIR FWD
Signal Send
Signal Receive
Trip Z1 Z2
Z2t Z3
Z3t OR TX RX F1 F2